An empirical study examined politicians' use of public speaking teleprompters (PSTs) when delivering major addresses to determine if audiences made aware of this practice would more seriously question speaker credibility, sincerity, and communicative ability. After completing an initial survey about political attitudes and awareness, subjects, 36…

To examine press freedom in the Republic of Korea (ROK, South Korea) and the role the ROK's press plays as the advantages of democracy and authoritarianism are being publicly debated, this paper looks back at where the ROK has been in terms of its social and political freedoms and where it is going in its attempts to break from its authoritarian…

Based on the findings of a nine-month-long investigation, this report represents the efforts of the Carnegie Commission to design a new structure for public telecommunications that can accommodate the divergent needs of public broadcasting in the United States in the coming decade. Following a summary of the findings and recommendations, the…

Fifteen years ago, W. Davison introduced the third-person effect hypothesis, that individuals believe they are less influenced than others by media messages. Although third-person effect is a perceptual bias, Davison believed that individuals act on such misperceptions. Few studies since have tested the behavioral aspect of the third-person…

An experiment to determine if different affective responses would result from exposure to three different forms of media presenting the same content used a semantic differential to measure affective response, and an objective test to measure cognitive learning. Analysis of covariance indicated significantly less learning for audiotaped version of…

Considers how media audiences and online users differ in their assessment of news. A national survey that studied the perception of interactivity in mass media and computer networks, and its relationship to the assessment of news, indicated that more emphasis on feedback is needed. (Author/LRW)

Offers a historical analysis of continuity and change in China's media reform. Discusses the interaction among ideologies, structure, and operation as well as reform's relationship to the political economy. Shows that the present reform has had the unintended effect of liberalizing China's media system, which contributes to the further erosion of…

Discusses different points of view about the impact of media on learning, motivation, and efficiency gains from instruction. The author's arguments about research and theory of media effects are summarized; reactions to the claim that media do not influence learning are characterized; and responses are given to Robert Kozma's specific criticisms…

Contributes to (and draws on) journalism history, mass-culture studies, and women's history in a rhetorical analysis of a series of six full-page illustrations titled "The American Woman" run in 1897 in "The Ladies' Home Journal." Reveals how class and gender issues intersected and underscored the role of the mass media in…

Examines work of two communication and media studies scholars, Joshua Meyrowitz and James Carey. Suggests their studies represent media ecology with analyses of the dynamic interaction between communication, consciousness, and culture. Highlights how their work embodies a North American cultural studies approach to media studies (moving away from…

Citing statistics that show that its citizens are well catered for by the mass media, this paper answers questions concerning the media landscape in the Federal Republic of Germany. The paper discusses: (1) Structure and framework conditions of the German media (a historical review of the mass media since 1945); (2) Press (including its particular…

In studying the history of the American press, little attention has been given to printing networks and the apprenticeship system, factors which permitted the press not only to survive but to grow. Essential to press growth was the apprenticeship system, vocational education which replenished and augmented the craft's practitioners. Apprentices…

Times Beach, Missouri, a small town close to the Meramec River and about 25 miles from St. Louis, is now deserted due to contamination from dioxin, a contaminant generated during the production of some cleansers, herbicides, and pesticides. From November 30, 1982, until the end of January 1983, the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" ran 55…

This guide to the economic analysis of media use in education reviews the evidence on the costs and benefits of educational media and provides a methodology for future decision-making. It includes chapters on establishing a framework for media choice, evaluating the effectiveness of media use, and analyzing costs. The empirical evidence from past…

Surveys three issues which focus on the deterministic relationship between electronic media and communicative behavior, and suggests how literate biases may hinder the mastery of oral and video media. Uses two examples of contemporary rhetoric to illustrate this assertion. Concludes that literacy inhibits the use, teaching, and study of rhetoric…