This study examined the influence of diagnostic criteria and diagnostic labels for psychopathy or conduct disorder on judicial decisions. A national sample of judges (N = 326) rendered hypothetical dispositions based on 1 of 12 mock psychological evaluations. The evaluations varied the presence of 2 sets of diagnostic criteria (antisocial…

This exploratory study attempted to assess the effects of the personal characteristics of career stage, job involvement, having been previously mentored, and sex on whether or not individuals act as mentors themselves and the type of mentoring support (career or psychosocial) provided to mentees. Data were collected from 140 university faculty…

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) was developed to operationalize the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Using correlational analysis and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, the present study investigates the facet structure of the domain of Agreeableness of the NEO-PI-R at the facet and item level to assess which is a more…

The central premise of this volume is that children bring personal qualities to their relationships with other family members that help shape family interaction, relationships, and even processes that family researchers have called "parenting." The chapters address how children's personal qualities make their mark on families in ways that may in…

The potential importance of suppressor variables in the personality domain was studied in classifying white-collar criminals with a validation sample of 435 prisoners and a cross-validation sample of 214. Results suggest that suppressor variables can increase prediction and may contribute to knowledge and theory development. (SLD)

NASSP's Assessment Center Project has identified 12 key skills for successful principals: problem analysis, judgment, organizational ability, decisiveness, leadership, sensitivity, stress tolerance, oral communication, written communication, wide-ranging interests, personal motivation, and educational values. Effective principals succeed by…

Evaluation of the personality functioning of 90 adolescents with intelligence quotients greater than 135 found the incidence of psychopathology in the sample to be comparable to that in the normative population. Children with intelligence quotients greater than 150 had no greater levels of psychopathology than those with intelligence quotients…

The study identified skills and skill categories deemed most relevant to job success by employers of people with severe handicaps (N=22) and employers with no such experience (N=24). Employers experienced with the disabled deemed the personal factor category as very important while in-experienced employers ranked the personal factor category the…

Issues related to use of "normal" personality inventories in clinical assessment are discussed, including use of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) in clinical assessment. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support the use of the NEO-PI for differential diagnoses of psychopathology. (SLD)

Argues for reconceptualizing leadership. Reviews existing dualisms and possible substitutes for leadership. Rejects these in favor of organizational leadership as a distributed, rather than focused, phenomenon. Evolving divisions of labor in organizations are the prime mover for tracking emerging patterns of distributed leadership. (Contains 59…

Researchers in molecular biology are discovering an increasing genetic basis for a wide range of mental diseases, moods, behaviors, and personality traits. Findings are creating the context for a new sociobiology favoring a genetic interpretation of human motivations and drives. Genetic engineering will give some people unprecedented power over…

Performed a meta-analysis of studies of the extent to which individuals can inflate their integrity test scores when coached or instructed to fake good. Results from 14 studies indicate that overt tests are more susceptible to both fake-good and coaching instructions than are personality-based measures. (SLD)

Fit indexes were compared with respect to a specific type of model misspecification. Simple structure was violated with some secondary loadings that were present in the true models that were not specified in the estimated models. The c2 test, Comparative Fit Index, Goodness-of-Fit Index, Incremental Fit Index, Nonnormed Fit Index, root mean…

This study examined maladaptive perfectionism (concern over mistakes, doubts about one's ability to accomplish tasks, and failure to meet high standards) as both a mediator and a moderator between adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and depressive mood (depression and hopelessness). Survey data were collected from 310 undergraduates and…

Little is known about the delinquency and social relations of adolescents who lack close friendships. This study compares the delinquency of "loners" and "nonloners," explores group differences within the larger social context of peers, family, and school, and assesses the efficacy of loner status as a distinct dimension of peer relationships. The…