In 1984, the New York State Regents issued an action plan calling for changes in curriculum, high school graduation requirements, and educational standards. Histories of school reform indicate, however, that state legislation alone cannot successfully or permanently improve educational practice. This essay therefore surveys the history of federal…

In this contribution developments in Applied Linguistics in Europe are linked to major social changes that have taken place over the last decades. These include: The decline of the USSR and the end of the cold war; The development of the EEC and the EU and fading of borders; The economic growth of Western Europe; Labor migration from the south to…

This volume offers a proposal for a national desegregation study which would involve coordinated case studies of twelve to fifteen cities in which there has been substantial systemwide desegregation for 5 to 10 or more years. The following are identified as the principal components of the study: (1) a natural history of school desegregation; (2) a…

Efforts to institutionalize Bloom's Mastery Learning Concept at the City Colleges of Chicago (CCC) are described. Information on the City Colleges and the adaptation of mastery learning are presented, and the growth of the project in five phases beginning in 1972 is sketched. The optimal pattern for mastery learning consists of a series of small…

Focusing on the Johnson O'Malley Act (JOM) and its relationship to subsequent laws, this report on the financing of Indian education in public schools examines the allocation and use of JOM funds for basic educational costs and for supplementary programs, as well as the mixes of local, state, and federal tax revenues available to school districts…

The relationship between the University of California at Berkeley and the government is examined. Interviews with over 150 people on campus, ranging from leading administrators to a sample of faculty researchers to section heads in departments such as Personnel and Purchasing, as well as written reports by numerous offices supplied the data of…

Efforts focused on improving quality processes based upon the Malcolm Baldrige Education Criteria for Performance Excellence may hold promise for fundamentally improving K-12 education. This policy report examines the information available on improving school quality through implementation of the Baldrige criteria. It provides a snapshot of what…

The publication of "Il metodo della pedagogica scientifica," by Dr. Maria Montessori, docent in the University of Rome, giving a full account of the inception and development of the system of education of which she is the author and the simultaneous translation of the work into English and German are events so unusual as to challenge attention.…

The year 1916-17 undoubtedly marks the close of an important epoch in the history of higher education in the United States. It is impossible to foretell as yet what changes will be wrought in the purposes, methods, and control of higher institutions by the war. But the events mentioned in the closing sections in this review have interrupted the…

This paper discusses educational policies of teacher education in South Africa. The predominant theory of the Afrikaner ruling elite, Christian National Education, and its teaching style, Fundamental Pedagogics, structures schools on an authoritarian, paternalistic framework that perpetuates apartheid. Because teacher education was controlled…

The purpose of this paper is to help educators and other interested individuals find their way through the plethora of reform reports published in the early 1980s. The early historical context of the reports is set out through a discussion of secondary education and proposals for reform since the 19th century. This is followed by a discussion of…

Forty-four representatives of American Indian tribes and the state of Arizona participated in the 2-day conference on reservation school districts. Terrance Leonard explained the legislative history and workings of Johnson-O'Malley funding, described supplementary Johnson-O'Malley programs, and commented on the Indian Education Act. Dr. Kenneth…

One in a continuing series on Navajo history and culture, this volume presents extensive information about Navajo education from 1948 through 1978 and analyzes that information from a Navajo viewpoint with the purpose of promoting quality education directed and controlled by Navajo people. Following a brief introduction to the series and to Navajo…

Higher education in the State of Connecticut is examined in light of the problems created during a time of retrenchment. Centered on the thought that the state's educational institutions have over-expanded, this report studies the historical background and financial arrangements of Connecticut higher education and offers recommendations for…

The dramatic rise in university tuition costs is placing a greater financial burden on millions of college-bound Americans and their families. Yet only a fraction of the additional money colleges are collecting--twenty-one cents on the dollar--goes toward instruction. And, by many measures, colleges are doing a worse job of educating Americans.…