Using published findings and by further analyses of existing data, the structure, validity and utility of the Academic Behavioural Confidence scale (ABC) is critically considered. Validity is primarily assessed through the scale's relationship with other existing scales as well as by looking for predicted differences. The utility of the ABC scale is demonstrated through its ability to discriminate between undergraduate students on different courses; between dyslexic and non dyslexic undergraduate students; undergraduate students in different countries and undergraduate students of different sex. Changes in ABC over time are considered and linked to an over-confidence bias in students in higher education. Finally, it is suggested that the ABC scale and a related measure, the Performance Expectation Ladder can identify and help teachers in higher education understand students with low academic confidence who need supporting. (Contains 2 figures.)