From the first mention of impairments in attention in the scientific literature by the Scottish physician Alexander Crichton in 1798, the correlation between educational attainment and learning has been persistently noted. Since then, the impact of attention deficits on school achievement has been a central component in a significant portion of research, despite continual disagreements within the scientific community on identification, diagnosis, and efficacious interventions to address core symptoms of what is now referred to as Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This article provides the historical context in which the construct of ADHD was developed, as well as a discussion of two commonly used interventions to address symptoms of ADHD (e.g., pharmaceuticals and the use of electroencephalographic [EEG] operant conditioning, or "neurofeedback."). While use of pharmaceutical interventions is relegated only to medical professionals, neurofeedback may have the potential to be used by highly trained special educators and school psychologists in academic settings.