In this thought experiment, we explore how to make access to individualized instruction and academic mentoring more equitable by taking tutoring to scale as a permanent feature of the U.S. public education system. We first synthesize the tutoring and mentoring literature and characterize the landscape of existing tutoring programs. We then outline…

To close the gap between reading research and the reality of instruction, the authors developed a reading comprehension approach for elementary school, aiming at explicit instruction and practice of reading comprehension strategies. Their approach encompasses two complementary cornerstones: explicit instruction in reading strategies and creating…

What reading programs have been proven to help students in grades 2-5 to succeed? To find out, this review summarizes evidence on three types of programs designed to improve the reading achievement of students in grades 2-5: (1) Reading Curricula (Curr), such as "Open Court," "Harcourt," "Reading Street" and other standard and alternative…

This paper offers a tutoring model its objective is to develop and establish the pedagogical-disciplinary knowledge of prospective computer science teachers with respect to guiding learners in problem-solving processes. The paper presents the tutoring model and the research that accompanied its implementation. The research findings indicate that…

A multi-element cross-age tutoring program involved handicapped adolescents as tutors of elementary school handicapped children in areas of reading, language arts, and mathematics. Program evaluation results suggested that the program can be readily implemented in public school districts, and that it is effective in enhancing scholastic…

This article systematically reviews research on the achievement outcomes of three types of classroom approaches to improving the reading achievement of students in grades 2-5: Reading curricula, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and instructional process programs. Study inclusion criteria included use of randomized or matched control groups,…

This qualitative study examines the perceptions and responses of struggling ninth-grade readers who are teaching reading to struggling second- and third-grade students in a cross-age tutoring program. The program was designed to overcome the entrenched, negative affective barriers that older students often bring to the required reading class by…

In its first year, an interdisciplinary recreational aquatics program serving eight deaf blind children (3 to 18 years old) developed and sequenced individualized objectives for communication, social, and gross motor areas. Inservice training was conducted for 13 nonhandicapped high school students serving as peer tutors, who were then evaluated…

An evaluation, informed by a literature review, was conducted of current PALS (Partners in Active Learning Support) programs run by the FFA (Future Farmers of America), through site visits and survey administration. Site visits were made to four participating FFA chapters to evaluate the program, which matches high school mentors with grade school…

Reports on three case studies of seventh-grade students teaching mathematics to third-grade students, in place of their classroom teacher, applying the Learning Through Teaching method. Discusses performance results for both tutors and tutees and restrictions on the scope of results. Concludes that tutoring benefits tutors more than tutees. (DSK)

Concerned professionals in the juvenile justice field frequently express concern for effective programs that help youth offenders successfully rejoin society. This mixed-method pilot study involved detention home teens functioning as tutors for special education students in a public school. Tutors were selected who, based on previous assessment as…

Peer tutoring and cross-age tutoring are two student-to-student tutoring methods. Peer tutoring occurs when tutors and tutees are of the same age. Cross-age tutoring refers to older students tutoring younger students. Studies of cross-age tutoring have reported improved academic performance for both tutors and tutees. The present study was…

Theoretical considerations for peer and cross-age tutoring are presented, essential inqredients for effective programs are offered, and a practical approach used by consulting teachers to design and implement a cost-effective tutoring program in Barre, Vermont is described. Benefits for the tutor and tutee are pointed out, including that tutoring…

Tutoring's academic and emotional benefits for exceptional students are outlined. This is suggested as a method for secondary schools to meet the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) and Individual Education Plan (IEP) provisions of PL 94-142. (SJL)

This review of the literature on peer and cross-age tutoring emphasizes programs in mathematics and suggests that such programs have positive academic outcomes for African American and other minority students as well as for White students who participate as tutors, as tutees, or both. Such programs also appear to have a positive impact on a…