I examine the levels of educational emphases that science teachers in Evangelical Protestant (EP) schools place on (i) teaching basic content knowledge, (ii) improving scientific reasoning skills, and (iii) presenting real-world applications of science. Using a nationally representative sample of US ninth-graders, I find differences in these…

Scientific inscriptions--graphs, diagrams, and data--and argumentation are integral to learning and communicating science and are common elements in cyberlearning environments--those involving the use of networked learning technologies. However, previous research has indicated that learners struggle to use inscriptions and when they engage in…

Reading ability is fundamental to teaching and learning (AFT 2004). This study assessed the reading ability of 25 in-service science educators at the University of Limpopo for three science texts: Grades 7, 8 and 9, using a cloze test and exploring materials that educators read. The scores were categorised as being independent, instructional and…