An important aspect of social justice involves ensuring that effective career guidance is readily accessible to all citizens. The career theory used to guide the delivery of career services can contribute to or detract from social justice. This article examines the translation of career theory to practice, the effectiveness of career…

Describes the major elements of a lifespan, life-space approach to career development. Looks at the origins of these elements and briefly describes their evolution. Suggests five categories of possible future refinements in this approach so as to enhance theory building, testing, and synthesizing this model's applicability. (RJM)

Discusses origins of action planning and action plans and possible influence of different antecedents on practice. Analysis indicates a lack of clarity concerning the origins of the process. Influence of contrasting models appear to remain unrecognized, and training needs of helpers, particularly for guidance skills, are underestimated. (FC)