This chapter examines the growing inclusion of transgender student-athletes as well as the barriers that transgender student-athletes continue to face in intercollegiate athletics. The chapter concludes with a discussion of suggested practices and implications.

This article seeks to synthesize and apply White racial identity theory and concomitant research to the interaction between athletic and racial identity, specifically as it relates to the experiential variations of how race impacts White athletes within the college sport environment. White dialectics, or the tensions that White Americans…

In this conceptual article, we seek to extend the domain of the conservation of resources (COR) theory to the collegiate student-athlete population in the context of academic-athletic role conflict and stress. Aside from reviewing the direct effects academic-athletic role conflict may have on psychological strain, this conceptual study also…

Relative age effects (RAEs) explain the (dis)advantages individuals experience as a result of when they are born relative to a pre-determined cut-off date. Within an interuniversity setting, academic timing (AT) may moderate the RAE pattern due to some student-athletes having eligibility years that do not correspond with their birth years. The…

Postsecondary institutions in the United States, including member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), are charged with the responsibility of cultivating positive learning environments where all students have an opportunity to excel regardless of their demographic backgrounds (e.g., race, socioeconomic status,…

Using data from the National Basketball Association (NBA), we examine whether patterns of workplace cooperation occur disproportionately among workers of the same race. We find that, holding constant the composition of teammates on the floor, basketball players are no more likely to complete an assist to a player of the same race than a player of…

Intercollegiate and high school coaches are faced with the difficult challenge of representing their school in a positive way. How a coach represents the school may be determined by his/her underlying motivation for coaching. Coaches may be driven by a variety of factors, such as: winning, financial success, or improving the well-being of the…

Scrutiny of intercollegiate athletics has intensified in recent years. This study compares student-athletes with those of non-athletes in terms of their engagement in effective educational practices. Contrary to many reports in the popular media, the findings from this study indicate that, on balance, student-athletes across a large number of…

This study provided initial validity evidence for multidimensional measures of coaching competency derived from the Coaching Competency Scale (CCS). Data were collected from intercollegiate men's (n = 8) and women's (n = 13) soccer and women's ice hockey teams (n = 11). The total number of athletes was 585. Within teams, a multidimensional…

Little League baseball is a valuable experience for youngsters. It fosters team spirit and cooperation. Pressure by parents and coaches can take the fun out of the sport and make it an anxiety producing experience for the young player. (RJG)

The study of academics and athletics presents several methodological problems. Athletics research requires knowledge of numerous definitions and an understanding of the political environment in which sports operate, as revealed by an analysis of several models for calculating graduation rates, because these issues shape research outcomes.…

After 25 years of federal Title IX regulation, only three dozen of the top 300 college athletics programs are in compliance. Women receive less than 40% of athletic scholarships. College sports are locked into a budgetary structure that favors two dominant men's sports, football and basketball. Divisive rhetoric and resistance delay balanced…

A review of college athletes receiving federal financial aid in addition to athletic scholarships was conducted by the U.S. General Accounting Office. Information on admission procedures, financial aid awards, and evidence that students maintain academic progress was obtained from Michigan State University. In addition, interviews were conducted…

While recent National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) data say athletes with scholarships and black athletes graduate at a higher rate than nonathletes, critics say the rates reflect an overall trend, not results of NCAA regulation, and that athletes denied scholarships because of rigorous academic standards are being ignored. Schools with…

The federal government has changed the status of grant money provided to student athletes, with certain portions of the grants now taxable and others not. These changes have implications for athletes, parents, and institutions, and some aspects of the law remain unanswered. (MSE)