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Major, Jason T.; Johnson, Wendy; Deary, Ian J. – Intelligence, 2012
Three prominent theories of intelligence, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC), extended fluid-crystallized (Gf-Gc) and verbal-perceptual-image rotation (VPR) theories, provide differing descriptions of the structure of intelligence (McGrew, 2009; Horn & Blankson, 2005; Johnson & Bouchard, 2005b). To compare these theories, models representing them were…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Achievement Tests, Factor Structure, Models
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Pesonen, Anu-Katriina; Raikkonen, Katri; Kajantie, Eero; Heinonen, Kati; Henriksson, Markus; Leskinen, Jukka; Osmond, Clive; Forsen, Tom; Barker, David J. P.; Eriksson, Johan G. – Intelligence, 2011
We examined the effects of early life stress (ELS) on intellectual ability in 2,725 20-year-old male participants, of whom 321 were separated temporarily (mean 1.7 years) from both their parents during World War II, at an average age of 4.3 years. Intellectual ability was tested when entering compulsory military service. The separated men had…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, Males, Young Adults
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Luo, Dasen; Chen, Guopeng; Zen, Fanlin; Murray, Bronwyn – Intelligence, 2010
Item responses to Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing were analyzed to develop a better-refined model of the two working memory tasks using the finite mixture (FM) modeling method. Models with ordinal latent traits were found to better account for the independent sources of the variability in the tasks than those with continuous traits, and…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Correlation, Item Response Theory
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Steinmayr, Ricarda; Beauducel, Andre; Spinath, Birgit – Intelligence, 2010
Recently, different methodological approaches have been discussed as an explanation for inconsistencies in studies investigating sex differences in different intelligences. The present study investigates sex differences in manifest sum scores, factor score estimates, and latent verbal, numerical, figural intelligence, as well as fluid and…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Factor Analysis, Effect Size
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Malda, Maike; van de Vijver, Fons J. R.; Temane, Q. Michael – Intelligence, 2010
In this study, cross-cultural differences in cognitive test scores are hypothesized to depend on a test's cultural complexity (Cultural Complexity Hypothesis: CCH), here conceptualized as its content familiarity, rather than on its cognitive complexity (Spearman's Hypothesis: SH). The content familiarity of tests assessing short-term memory,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Foreign Countries, Cultural Differences, Intelligence Tests
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Deary, Ian J.; Strand, Steve; Smith, Pauline; Fernandes, Cres – Intelligence, 2007
This 5-year prospective longitudinal study of 70,000+ English children examined the association between psychometric intelligence at age 11 years and educational achievement in national examinations in 25 academic subjects at age 16. The correlation between a latent intelligence trait (Spearman's "g"from CAT2E) and a latent trait of…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Intelligence, Longitudinal Studies, Children
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Johnson, Wendy; Bouchard, Thomas J., Jr. – Intelligence, 2007
Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal-Perceptual-Rotation (VPR)…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Ability, Visual Perception, Verbal Ability