Although teachers are a prime target of state reform agendas, recent research suggests that teachers are also major sources of influence on career ladders, an expensive and controversial reform. Assessment of Utah career ladder reform indicates that a 1983 Utah Reform Committee proposal aimed at differentiating salaries, creating hierarchical…

Substantially different types of universities are finding similar sources of dissatisfaction among their women faculty in the sciences and engineering. A study done in 2001 found that women faculty in Science, Engineering, and Technology (SET) colleges held fewer high-ranking posts than men, were less likely to be full professors, and were more…