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Yeh, Yi-Fen Y.; McTigue, Erin M. – School Science and Mathematics, 2009
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that diagrammatic literacy is necessary for success on standardized science tests at the late-elementary and middle grade levels. Towards this goal, we quantified the frequency, form and function of graphical representations on select state science tests. 985 tests items from 14 states were…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Standardized Tests, Visual Aids, Test Items
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Franquiz, Maria E.; Brochin-Ceballos, Carol – Multicultural Perspectives, 2006
In this article we examine a theoretical concept: cultural citizenship. Educators of color typically advance this theoretical perspective because it provides a way of probing into ways students' differing linguistic and cultural resources can be made visible and effectively included in literacy events both in and outside of school. Through this…
Descriptors: Citizenship, Foreign Countries, Visual Literacy, Literacy