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Anwar, Yusara; Ali, Nor Liza – International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 2021
The "language pyramid" in the post-colonial territories as propounded by Melchers and Shaw in 2003 aptly reflects on the status of different languages in Pakistan. At the top is English, with its heritage as a colonial language. Then is the "national" language Urdu which has nationalist value and is spoken by the majority as a…
Descriptors: Critical Theory, Language Planning, Language Dominance, English (Second Language)
Haidar, Sham – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2019
In Pakistan, English is one of the official languages and the language of higher education, a prerequisite for professional positions, and the most prestigious language. However, access to English may not be the same for people belonging to different socioeconomic statuses because of different school systems. There are different schools for the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Case Studies, Phenomenology, English (Second Language)
Hussain, Serena – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2015
Pahari speakers form one of the largest ethnic non-European diasporas in Britain. Despite their size and over 60 years of settlement on British shores, the diaspora is shrouded by confusion regarding official and unofficial categorisations, remaining largely misunderstood as a collective with a shared ethnolinguistic memory. This has had…
Descriptors: Indo European Languages, Foreign Countries, Ethnic Groups, Language Minorities