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Brunner, Martin; Ludtke, Oliver; Trautwein, Ulrich – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2008
The internal/external frame of reference model (I/E model; Marsh, 1986) is a highly influential model of self-concept formation, which predicts that domain-specific abilities have positive effects on academic self-concepts in the corresponding domain and negative effects across domains. Investigations of the I/E model do not typically incorporate…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Academic Aspiration, Concept Formation, Student Characteristics