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Carbo, Marie – Phi Delta Kappan, 1989
In round two of a debate begun in November 1988, this article again reemphasizes the poor quality of Jeanne Chall's experimental phonics research and reporting inaccuracies that invalidate her conclusions. The basic flaw might lie in Chall's belief system. Includes 57 references. (MLH)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Literacy, Phonics, Reading Research
Carbo, Marie – Principal, 1996
Some children learn to read easily with phonics, and some do better with a whole-language approach. Principals should understand both systems and use the best of both, together with other effective reading programs. Teachers should balance their reading programs by providing structure for analytic students, reading to students, and relying on…
Descriptors: Administrator Responsibility, Elementary Education, Individualized Instruction, Phonics
Carbo, Marie; Cole, Robert W. – American School Board Journal, 1995
Although learning to read well is essential for future success, many children are neither proficient nor avid readers. There is no single "right" approach to reading instruction; teachers should abandon the phonics/whole-language debate and adapt strategies to children's preferred reading styles. Principals should model reading behavior…
Descriptors: Administrator Responsibility, Cognitive Style, Modeling (Psychology), Phonics
Carbo, Marie – Phi Delta Kappan, 1987
Recent research on reading reveals many methods work for teaching reading. There are three individual reading styles: (1) those who need phonics, (2) those who can learn it but don't need it, and (3) those unable to learn phonics. The level of reading achievement depends on how well instructional program accommodates to an individual's reading…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Early Reading, Elementary Secondary Education, Phonics