The newly developed seventh and eighth grade athletic program, All Must Play, used in the Yakima (Washington) School District is described. The program provides opportunity and encourages all students to participate in sports where the emphasis is not on winning. (MT)

A criterion-referenced test indicates whether a learner has achieved specified performance skills. It does not compare a learner's performance to that of others. Criterion-referenced testing is described in terms of integration into the curriculum, decisions regarding eligibility for adapted physical education, student progress decisions, and…

The skills, equipment, and competition involved in intercollegiate riflery championships are described. Programs at National Collegiate Athletic Association-member colleges are cited. (MSE)

Examples of movement arts activities used at the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, which serves hearing-impaired children, are offered. Movement Arts classes have a different theme each quarter such as holidays or deaf culture and heritage. (DB)

A variety of educational gymnastics, games, and sports tasks geared toward young children are described. They focus on jumping, taking weight on various body parts, large apparatus movement, ball skills, striking skills, throwing and catching skills, and travelling with a ball. Suggestions are also presented regarding the preschool handicapped…

Discusses selected principles underlying movement control, relating them to teaching and learning processes and presenting implications for teachers, coaches, and learners. The paper describes the learning curve, notes the effects of a range of variable conditions of practice, examines principles from Bernstein's 1967 work, discusses…

Background: In the last decade, there has been a growing interest, both in the UK and abroad, in developing early screening tests for dyslexia that can be used with very young children. In addition to measures of literacy achievement, such screening tests typically aim to identify underlying difficulties, such as phonological deficits, that might…

Contrary to past thinking, at birth, infants are capable of exploring their environment and interacting with other humans. They become aware of and learn about their world by observing, exploring, playing, and interacting with their caregivers. Motor skills play a major role in this process, which is achieved by allowing infants to move around,…

A simulated baseball batting task was used to compare the relative effects of attending to extraneous information (tone frequency) and attending to skill execution (direction of bat movement) on performance and swing kinematics and to evaluate how these effects differ as a function of expertise. The extraneous dual task degraded batting…

Theoretical and practical issues related to the neuromotor control of a golf swing are presented in this paper. The typical strategy for golf training consists of high volume repetition with an emphasis on a large variety of isolated swing characteristics. The student is frequently instructed to maintain consistent performance in each swing with…

The development of feeding and swallowing is the result of a complex interface between the developing nervous system, various physiological systems, and the environment. The purpose of this article is to review the neurobiology, development, and assessment of feeding and swallowing during early infancy. In recent years, there have been exciting…

Spatial concepts such as a sense of distance are learned through movement and exploration which is the most effective way for children to gain body awareness and an understanding of spatial relationships. It simultaneously develops muscle strength, coordination, self-confidence, and thinking skills. Spatial awareness can be defined as "an…

This article discusses the basis for assessing and grading students in physical education. Although students should dress appropriately for physical education, be physically active during class time, and improve their fitness (e.g., mile-run time), these items are typically not included in the physical education content standards. The vast…

This paper outlines the kinesiological foundations of the motor behavior subdisciplines of motor learning and motor control. After defining the components of motor behavior, the paper addresses the undergraduate major and core knowledge by examining several classic textbooks in motor learning and control, as well as a number of contemporary…

This booklet presents suggestions for parents to promote their visually impaired infant's motor development. It is pointed out that babies with serious visual loss often prefer their world to be constant and familiar and may resist change (including change in position); therefore, it is important that a wide range of movement activities be…