As the most unionized segment of the public sector workforce in the USA, teachers and their bargaining representatives wield significant power in the world of educational labour relations and beyond. Yet, just as the First Amendment's freedom of association clause affords unions the right to exist, its concomitant recognition that employees are…

Groups that often find themselves on opposing sides of the cultural war over gay rights have bridged their divide to draft consensus guidelines designed to help public schools address sexual-orientation issues with sensitivity and respect. Representatives from the Christian Educators Association International and the Gay, Lesbian and Straight…

Argues that the library profession should separate rhetoric from rights in the Library Bill of Rights to create two documents: a true Bill of Rights including only those principles demanded by the U.S. Constitution, and a Statement of Philosophy based on the American Library Association's (ALA) Code of Ethics. Contains the ALA Code of Ethics. (PEN)

Surveys the most significant court cases in 2000 involving First Amendment rights in higher education, especially those that may have received scant attention when decided but which promise to affect campus life for years to come. Provides insight into legal trends and shifting thinking as it applies to the First Amendment in the college and…

Describes the Marshall-Brennan Fellowship constitutional literacy project wherein 30 pairs of law students at the Washington College of Law teach a constitutional rights and responsibilities course to high school students in Washington, D.C., and Maryland public high schools. Students are also taken to hear oral arguments at the Supreme Court.…

On 26 September 2001, the Chino Valley School District, which is approximately 30 miles east of Los Angeles, signed a negotiated agreement with the duly authorized union representing the certified employees, the Associated Chino Teachers (ACT). The agreement provided that every member of the represented unit would become either a member of the ACT…

Public school leaders must be certain that students' freedom of expression rights are not suppressed based on a conflict with their own personal views. School leaders must also refrain from regulating student expression based solely on content, unless there is evidence that speech content creates material and substantial disruption to school…

This paper shows how Koranic Law was enshrined in the Moroccan Family Code (the "Mudawwana") in its first draft between the years 1957 and 1958. The changes that were included in 1993 and especially in 2004 partially modify the philosophy of Islamic resources and give more freedom of action to women. At present, the "Mudawwana…

This document is one of a series of papers by leading scholars presented at the State University of New York's annual program of educational policy seminars. The paper reviews recent judicial attempts to interpret the U.S. Constitution's first amendment's establishment clause in areas that have had a significant impact on educational policy…

Excerpts from Supreme Court opinions on legal standards for federal affirmative action programs include those from the majority opinion by Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, a concurring opinion by Justice Antonin Scalia, and a dissenting opinion by Justice John Paul Stevens. (MSE)

Reports findings of a survey suggesting that Edmonton, Alberta residents favor a referendum before any changes are made in Canada's constitution. Explains changes proposed by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Examines plans for House of Commons reform, aboriginal self-government, economic union for Canada, worker training, immigration, and other…

A federal district judge ruled that a state university may not discipline students by infringing on their right to freedom of speech based on an activity's perceived offensive content. The case involved a George Mason University (Virginia) fraternity contest that the administration felt was racist. (MSE)

School leaders must recognize and respect the freedom of expression rights of students within reasonable limits, but they may restrict student expression that creates material and substantial disruption to the educational process. The challenge for school leaders is to achieve the proper balance between the rights of students and the needs of…

Discusses the control of pornography on the Internet. Highlights include the Communications Decency Act (CDA); "Time" magazine's article on cyberporn and critiques of it; the unconstitutionality of the CDA under First Amendment protection of free speech; and non-legislative software solutions, including PICS (Platform for Internet…

Discusses two important and parallel court cases related to the use of the Bible in public schools. Covers the context, issues and ensuing public outcry related to both the 1890 "Edgerton" decision and the 1963 "Schempp" case. (LS)