Richard Clark is a pioneer in the field of educational research. In his 1983 paper, Clark stated that the use of technology is a "mere vehicle" in the education process. Clark demonstrated that no learning is gained from employing any specific media to deliver instruction. He noted that curriculum reform is likely the cause for student improvement rather than a change in the delivery of instruction. The root of his argument is that the substance of information trumps delivery. Clark's original paper was published in 1983, and research has progressed since that time. A growing body of evidence suggests that technology is beneficial in a physical therapy education setting because of improved collaboration between students, increased variety of materials, and asynchronous approaches that may be more advantageous for students when technology is used to deliver instruction. His thought may be more applicable to a traditional liberal arts style education, but technology greatly enhances healthcare education.