As a participant-observer, the author relates observations, interviews, and surveys from her experience in a Cuban Escuela al Campo ("School to the Countryside," or EAC) camp located on a collective farm outside of the city of Havana. The Pioneers, the youth section of the official Cuban Communist Party, organize the EAC program…

This article describes the scope and content of the Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade of 1980, its organization, workings, and outcomes. Special attention is given to those aspects of the crusade that relate to the goals of integrating previously excluded groups and transforming the political culture of the country. (Author)

Noting that, as a developing socialist society, China requires an educational system which develops in the individual both political loyalty and technical skill, the author surveys China's efforts, from 1949 to the present, to implement these two potentially conflicting educational objectives. (SJL)

Discusses Romanian population policies under Ceaucescu, which penalized single people and couples without children, rewarded large families, prohibited abortion. Contrasts with new policies implemented after his fall that reinstated individual liberties but sought to promote through education parental responsibility, safe sex, environmental…

The author defines the tenets of "Zemecha," Ethiopia's radical education model, adopted in 1974. He asserts that the philosophy, the general mobilization, and the successful campaign of the "Zemecha" constitute a revolution in microcosm which sets a good example for the further advancement of the developing world. (Author/SJL)

Moral education, focusing on Korean cultural values and anti-communism, is part of the required school curriculum in the Republic of Korea. This report discusses the background, objectives, and content of the moral education program, as well as teacher training, time allotments at each grade level, and teaching methods. (SJL)

The author describes how, since the youth disruptions of the "Gang of Four" era, the Chinese Communist Central Committee has more closely monitored moral behavior, promulgating a code of conduct for elementary and secondary students. The objectives of Chinese ideological and moral education and selected instructional procedures are…