Written from a Polish immigrant's viewpoint, this article focuses on the moral and spiritual aspects of the political upheaval beginning in Poland in 1980 and culminating in the toppling of East European totalitarian regimes. Poland will eventually achieve a strong free-market economy and democracy, aided by school reform and teacher reeducation.…

This paper explores the concept of post-Communist identity, particularly in the countries that make up what was formerly referred to as the Eastern Bloc. It examines previous work in the field about the development of minority identity through language and provides a historical background about Eastern Europe and Hungary. It describes some of the…

Discusses the characteristics of educational research in Poland and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe under communism and the implications of the postcommunist changes for the future of educational research. Educational researchers could play an important role in developing more informed educational policies. (SLD)

Through three real-life examples in and involving Hong Kong during the period from June 1987 to November 1988, this paper analyzes the impact of competition and availability of alternative news sources on the conduct and performance of the communist press in the pluralistic society of British colonial Hong Kong--a media-rich metropolis over which…

Having derived lessons from the chaos of the Cultural Revolution, Chinese leaders are creating a new system of education. Reforms include restoring discipline, upgrading university education, and improving the quality of teaching. (SK)

Foreign language teaching has made considerable progress in China in recent years, despite serious handicaps. A concerted effort is being made to overcome shortcomings and modernize teaching methods. Barring further major political upheaval, China should achieve recognition as a leader in foreign language methodology before the turn of the…

States that revolutionary regimes are conducive to successful mass literacy campaigns, citing examples of Russia, China, and Cuba, and describes the eradication of illiteracy in Vietnam--in North Vietnam by 1958 and in South Vietnam in 1978. Attributes success to the Communist party, the government, and the people. (MF)

Mikhail Gorbachev has drastically altered the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, and in so doing has also brought about a new international political reality for all of Europe. This paper contrasts Gorbachev's "New Thinking" in foreign policy with the Brezhnev Doctrine (an approach associated with former USSR leader Leonid Brezhnev that…

The role of Fudan University as a key institution in China's overall plan for educational, economic, and technological development is outlined. (MSE)

Changing Chinese address norms are discussed, including the term "tongzhi" ("comrade") and preferred use of official titles by some Chinese officials; use of traditional terms for "Mr.", "Mrs.", and "Miss"; second singular pronouns of "ni" and "nin"; address of women; and some…

Resumption and development of graduate education since 1976 are described, with attention to admissions, examinations, stress on science and engineering, institution types, curriculum, dissertations, the new degree system, and teaching and research employment patterns. Interrelationships of graduate study and the educational and political debate,…

In Rumania, currently, change is rapid at the level of social doctrine because the people never really accepted Communism. However, at the level of cultural and academic life, fundamental changes will be slower. Content, methods, goals, and teachers of the universities will have to be renewed and reoriented. (MSE)

The history of legal education in Bulgaria is chronicled from the late nineteenth century through the communist period to the present day. Aspects examined include the politicization of education, curriculum changes, and the roles of students and faculty. Issues likely to arise in the future are also examined briefly. (MSE)

A review of the history of university education in Romania since 1860 looks at the internal structure of the institutions, governance, faculty who played an active role in political life, nationalism and the ascendancy of communism, and trends since World War II. (MSE)

Reports on a staff development project for in-service teachers from former East German states. Describes the project's background, previous in-service teacher education, and the project's organization. Concludes that economic difficulties and the rise of neo-Nazism makes it imperative for German teachers to develop democratic values. (CFR)