Describes two orientations to the learning process: "transmission," transfer of information from source to receiver; and "interpretation," development of knowledge through the interaction of receiver with source. Transmission- or interpretation-based values are like a cognitive-affective filter because they form a cognitive and…

Evaluated English-as-a-Second-Language student reactions to the innovation of process writing in three multiple-lesson units. Results illustrated the complex pattern of cause-and-effect relationships existing between teachers' and students' attitudes and behaviors in the context of an innovation and demonstrated how an innovation can be…