Do patterns of access to "elite" institutions in developing nations become more or less restricted and biased toward high-status population groups as the educational system expands? This article addresses this question through careful examination of the social background characteristics of Ghanian secondary students in 1961 and 1974.…

One in a series of studies of lifelong learning, this paper discusses the cultural and educational needs of selected urban and rural communities in Senegal and Ghana, emphasizing grassroots initiative and the community's analysis of its own needs. Information is drawn in part from surveys, public meetings, and interviews in three communities:…