Reviews four books that explain modern schooling's irrelevance for many indigenous communities and that represent indigenous knowledge practices with respect: "What Is Indigenous Knowledge? Voices from the Academy"; "Escaping Education: Living as Learning within Grassroots Cultures"; "Intercultural Education and Literacy: An Ethnographic Study of…

A seminar was conducted to review formal and nonformal education in the context of lifelong education in Southeast Asia and the Far East, to visit field projects in Thailand and discuss the experiences gained, and to suggest ways and means to solve identified problems and coordinate planning. This report summarizes the information that was…

This issue contains six articles, reports, and essays on planning and organizing nonformal education in the Asian-South Pacific area. A chapter reprinted from "Planning Nonformal Education" discusses the need for planning, past efforts, and five steps in a strategy suggested for planning locally-oriented and target-specific nonformal…

A model is presented to help clarify the concept of lifelong learning. Constructed on the idea that an operational definition of lifelong learning should be based on the locus of control for making decisions about the goals and means of learning, the model is a two-by-two matrix of learner and institution that represents four identified situations…

To illustrate his claim that schools generally do a remarkably good job of schooling while the society makes inadequate use of other means to educate young people, the author presents a case history of a young American (identified pseudonymously as "Brad") whose schooling was adequate but whose education was not. Brad, jobless and…

Briefly introduces recently developed early childhood programs in Latin America and describes in detail two basic programs designed for the rural population of Peru: a Portage home-based model and a project emphasizing community development. History, objectives, program design and methodology, and training are identified, stressing the need for…

Analyzes the political implications of lifelong learning and the potential of education as a change agent. Identifies education's role in social change in the Third World. Analyzes the role of vocational education from a lifelong perspective, considering both a segmentalist and a holistic approach to work and leisure. (SK)

Argues that schools are alien to human juveniles'"normal" ways of learning. Sees return to more "normal ways" because of near 100 percent literacy in West (so children can "pick up" necessary skills), counterproductivity of current social segregation of the young, and rejection of docility as an appropriate educational goal. (CMG)

Nonformal education is compared to formal and informal education and viewed in relation to two explanatory frameworks assessing underdevelopment in Latin America. The frameworks--dependency liberation and deprivation development--also provide direction to nonformal efforts, described as generally weak and ineffective as a primary means of…

The editor of "Convergence" sets the stage for this special issue on women and adult education by discussing the Women's Programme of the International Council for Adult Education. ICAE's agenda includes research on women's participation in adult education and on a new kind of learning which reflects women's situations and viewpoints.…

The Tanzanian government has made a major commitment to its National Literacy Programme as a strategy for national development. Goals of the program are the eradication of illiteracy, self-reliance in solving economic and social problems, and lifelong education. To deal effectively with the problem of learner motivation, the program links literacy…

Discussed is the potential contribution to social change made possible by participation in the nonformal programs of national youth organizations. The participants in one such youth organization (Costa Rican National Youth Movement) are studied. (KC)

To what extent is it possible to produce materials centrally that meet the nonformal learning needs of distant communities, and how might local community groups use them? Experiences in Great Britain, Canada, Colombia, and rural education programs worldwide provide some insight. (Author/MSE)

The Nigerian Government is attempting to create a national identity and eliminate inefficient indigenous educational practices. The author argues that quick implementation of this plan to regulate indigenous private education and craft apprenticeships could aggravate the employment situation and restrict the ability of localities to meet their own…

Chemistry sets, often a child's first contact with chemistry, are becoming less attractive to manufacturers as the market for these items decreases. There is a tendency for recently manufactured chemistry sets to be less adequate than those selling in the same price range in past years. Manuals vary in quality among manufacturers. (RE)