Residential schools for students with blindness or visual impairments should be viewed as organizations that can provide the leadership for improved services statewide. Residential schools can become active partners in their communities by maximizing the use of the school's facilities, expanding outreach services, and developing cooperative…

The changing purposes of schools for children with visual impairments are analyzed in relation to their evolution, current practices, and future functions. It presents three models emphasizing the developing heterogeneity in orientation and services: the school as the resource center, the life-skills center, and the magnet school. (JDD)

The article reports on two 1989 visits to the Soviet Union to observe rehabilitation services for the blind. Described are the demographics, the profit-making factory system in which many visually impaired persons work, rehabilitation centers, technology, and services to older blind persons. (DB)

This report describes activities and recommendations of the Texas Commission on Braille Textbook Production, which monitors the acquisition Commission on Braille Textbook Production. The primary purpose of the commission is to monitor the expeditious acquisition of publisher computerized files in the form of textbook diskettes which are needed for…

This paper examines graphic computing environments, identifies potential problems in providing access to blind people, and describes programs and strategies being developed to provide this access. The paper begins with an explanation of how graphic user interfaces differ from character-based systems in their use of pixels, visual metaphors such as…

Reviews Catholic school provisions for the education of blind and visually handicapped students and considers what more needs to be done to fully implement the Pastoral Statement of the Bishops on Handicapped People (1978). Suggests a vision consultant to coordinate services and provide staff development. (SJL)

Describes an education professor's efforts to equalize opportunities for a blind student teacher in her reading instruction class. The class was better for sighted students because of the blind student's presence and the modifications made to accommodate her lack of sight. Accommodation challenges are even greater for elementary teachers with…

The journal's executive editor considers current and future societal trends and their implications for people who are blind and visually impaired. He notes effects of the developing mosaic society, changing demographics showing large increases in minority populations, the developing information society, redefinitions of individual and societal…

This article discusses issues and difficulties encountered in efforts at the University of Birmingham (England) to standardize a new psychometric assessment tool, a tactile speed-of-information-processing test for children with blindness. The problem of defining the population on which the test is standardized is seen as particularly difficult.…

This article considers the legacy of Samuel Gridley Howe and others such as Francis Campbell and Mary Caroline Greene who were committed to the education of individuals with blindness. The paper examines controversies over mainstreaming versus residential schooling and the need for emphasis on developing independence in individuals with blindness.…

A 2-year study on the shortage of personnel serving children with visual impairments found a need for 5,000 teachers and 10,000 orientation and mobility specialists. Proposed action steps include preparing new and existing personnel, preparing new leaders and researchers, and expanding the capacity to recruit new and retain existing personnel.…

This article discusses the significant personnel shortages in education and rehabilitation in the field of blindness and visual impairment and provides a brief overview of one approach to addressing this shortage, distance education. Distance learning environments and strategies are described, along with evidence of the effectiveness of distance…

This state-mandated study examines the manner in which Braille instruction is being offered to Virginia's children with visual disabilities. The study sought to determine the need to require school divisions to offer Braille instruction; the role of Braille instruction as a viable method of promoting literacy; the number of students who could…

In these remarks, the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, discusses the current Administration's policy and enforcement efforts on civil rights for the handicapped, particularly the blind. First, Reynolds stresses that the Administration's commitment to the principle of nondiscrimination in all areas…

Identifies materials (trade books) that may be used in the regular elementary school classroom to create an awareness of the abilities of handicapped children. (Author/MP)