Educational practices and problems in Yugoslavia with regard to bilingual education are described. The effect of mother-tongue education on the students' academic achievement and literacy attainment is also examined. (RM)

Traces the historical development of state and federal law, policy, and practice concerning language. Suggests that, in the future, languages other than English may play prominent roles in American culture and government. (MJL)

Focuses on the conflicts among written languages in the countries of West Africa, especially in the areas of education, mass communication, and creative writing. Points out that writing is done mostly in the language of the former colonizing country, which makes literature accessible only to the elite. Advocates translation and native languages…

Examines language policy in the Baltic states since they regained their independence from the Soviet Union. The article argues that each Baltic state has substantially realized its language policy aims and that the favorable response to language requirements at the group and individual level signals the extraordinary reversal of a colonial…

Discusses the problems arising from the use and role of English on the Indian sub-continent. Notes the inferior position of Hindi there and argues that English's dominant role is a hangover from colonialism and a means of suppressing Indian thought and preserving an alien culture. (three references) (Author/CK)

Analyzes through Indian eyes the current role and status of English in India and examines what can be done to turn the use of this language to Indian advantage. Notes the author is largely in agreement with Mark Tully's article in this issue regarding the colonial legacy of English in India. Explains how he differs with Tully's answers to the…

Outlines a historical context for the nativist ideology of the English-only movement in the United States, and the movement's effect on language teaching. A survey of journal contents of TESOL Quarterly, Modern Language Journal, and Foreign Language Annals from 1974-1987 identifying eight categories of articles checked particularly for…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in Australia covers the following: the development of the national policy on languages, and the Australian Language and Literacy Policy and its four goals related to English language and literacy, languages other than English, aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, and…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in New Zealand focuses on the need for a national languages policy and governmental human resource development planning. It includes "unplanned" language planning; the multilingual/multicultural situation, including Maori, Pacific Islands, other, international, and English languages;…

A discussion of language policy formation and planning in Hong Kong covers the following: language use, change, and shift (including Chinese dialects, written Chinese, Mandarin, and English); the legal system; educational developments. Reasons for the lack of language planning are noted. (Contains 111 references.) (LB)

Guosa, a language constructed by Alex Igbineweka from words and word forms in major and minor Nigerian languages, has been proposed as a national language for Nigeria. This article suggests that Guosa is an unacceptable planned language and has no guiding principles or scientific methods. (eight references) (Author/LB)

Discusses possibility of losing 90% of the existing 6,000 modern languages and importance of preserving languages and cultures. Government policies, including those of the United States, have contributed to this loss by imposing state languages to peoples and forbidding and punishing the use of native languages. Of the 207 native languages of…

English-only proponents cite linguistic divisions in Canada and Belgium as reason to avoid bilingualism. Data on language shift, language demographics, and language prestige indicate that the situations in these two countries are not comparable to the United States. A better lesson to draw from these two countries' experiences is that coercive…

Discusses attempts in the United States to make English the only official language and the motives underlying these activities. The article argues that the present mood of nativism poses a serious threat to English-as-a-Second-Language professionals and discusses the role of U.S. English, Inc., the major organization advocating language…

Language planning for literacy has typically focused on models of provision of print-based literacy programmes in order to develop widespread literate capabilities in reading and writing. This paper argues that contemporary literacy planning needs to consider more than models of delivery and engage with issues related to defining the nature of…