Women bring distinct needs to adventure experiences and a unique perspective that would be beneficial if incorporated in all facets of outdoor experiential education. By labeling myths that impede our realization of gender differences, we begin to ensure that outdoor adventure will be a positive, holistic experience for women. (JHZ)

Proposes--for consideration and debate--four recommendations for experiential educators: (1) develop more androgynous leaders; (2) equalize the number of qualified male and female leaders serving as role models for participants of both sexes; (3) raise gender consciousness in participants; and (4) encourage participants to develop the positive…

This essay proposes that stress has been misused in traditional adventure education and presents a new model of risk taking based on the literature on stress and feminist perspectives in adventure education. Proponents of the traditional adventure perspective state that the intentional use of stress is central to the change process in wilderness…

Addresses the issue of whether there is reasonable justification to warrant public school sponsorship of adventure programs; considers accident rates, advantages and values, legal implications, and program implementation effects including staffing, facilities, equipment, and scheduling. Concludes that adventure education is a healthy, valuable,…

Presents a process for defining high-quality adventure for all young people. Expands "progression" in outdoor adventure to include application of what is learned to other aspects of life. Emphasizes the importance to adventure education of nonadventurous dimensions such as group experience, and stresses that adventure is both medium and a message.…

In the United Kingdom, insurance is becoming harder to get and society is becoming increasingly more likely to demand criminal sanctions when accidents occur. Adventure educators can protect themselves by having a demonstrable, transparent system of risk assessment, safety equipment, training, and control, but they must also educate the public to…

This discussion of outdoor leisure includes the following topics: adventure sports; risk taking; program liability for adventure-related injuries; trends in outdoor recreation; outdoor recreation's contribution to environmental attitudes; outdoor/environmental education; the role of cognition, ethics, and direct experience in shaping an…

Uses statements in adventure education brochures to indicate assumptions in the field of adventure education. Points out discrepancies between these assumptions and actual practice. Examines assumptions that adventure education promotes personal growth, that learning from adventure experiences transfers to other areas, and that adventure education…

Discusses the philosophical importance to adventure education of enchantment, ecstasy, and the mystical. Argues against a positivistic approach. Recommends the works of Eric Shipton and Bruno Bettelheim. Suggests that adventure education theorists must give thought to the existential and phenomenological aspects of the social worlds if adventure…

Argues that outdoor education is, in its own right, a creative form of learning. Draws parallels between stages of personal development in real life and in caving (as an example of outdoor education). Includes citations from Maslow's work that are applicable to outdoor and adventure education activities. Notes the importance of preparing outdoor…

Includes "Outdoor Training: Revolution or Fad?" (Wagner, Baldwin, Roland); "Getting the Most out of Outdoor Training" (Buller, Cragun, McEvoy); and "Outdoor Training Companies" (a directory of more than 100 firms). (JOW)

The economic paradigm imposed upon education and the externally applied bureaucratic supervision upon teachers prompts discord and damages morale among teachers. The dedication shown by teachers of adventure education is explained by the fact that students value and benefit from adventure education, and it allows teachers to focus on broader…

Yoga creates a union of the body, mind, and spirit, and develops in the participant a conscious awareness of self. Noting that adventure education programs give participants the opportunity to come to a greater awareness of self, an experiential educator started combining yoga with adventure activities. Several anecdotes illustrate the mind/body…

Examines the language and meanings assigned to various colors to understand sources of negative racial attitudes. Discusses the importance of self-definition and a positive self-image in creating a trusting environment that fosters understanding. Advocates using teachable moments with children to promote understanding of diversity. Includes a…

Since "Project Adventure" teaches others to use the Full Value Contract (FVC), its corporate behavior should reflect FVC values of honesty and integrity. Nine dilemmas outline questions of business ethics related to "product" quality, financial survival, treatment of customers and their expectations, relationship with…