Three key terms--social studies, values, and attitudes--are discussed in relation to a national assessment in social studies. Definitions of these terms will affect decisions about what and how to assess. Two major approaches define social studies as: (1) social sciences simplified and adapted for pedagogical purposes; or (2) that portion of the…

Intended to provide a basis for a sociolinguistic theory of reading by placing reading within a discussion of the formal and functional characteristics of language use in social settings, this book explores the state of the art of reading and literacy, the relations between spoken and written language, and explanations of reading failure. Chapters…

A major goal of schools should be to develop self-directed people with knowledge, skills, and attitudes for fully functioning future living. More specifically, schools must seek to provide education in the areas of: (1) citizenship, everyday living, and personal growth; (2) skill development relating to problem solving, decision-making, research,…

There are currently no significant policies or programs to address the underrepresentation of males in the early childhood and primary education teaching profession in New Zealand. This paper examines the reasons for male underrepresentation and presents arguments for and against the employment of male teachers in these fields. Reasons cited for…

Argues that conflicts existing within the professional value system of librarianship have made it difficult for librarians to fulfill their obligation to represent fairly the values and viewpoints of all segments of society. Professional goals and ideals that demonstrate such conflicts are discussed, and possible means to their resolution are…

Discusses changes in British attitudes toward education from emphasizing social engineering and an equal right to education to a cost-effective approach. Sets out educational goals of independence and the ability to do useful work and to enjoy life by participating in it. Discusses special needs students and the safety net for children from poor…

Details cultural changes in 20th-century Scandinavia. Considers arguments related to beliefs about children's lives; stereotypes of children as fragile were used to attack the modern family; day care as threatening healthy child development; and the conception of the malfunctioning child in adversarial parent-child relationships. Concludes that…

This paper examines the relationship between Australian women's participation in paid work in the public market and the child-rearing component of their unpaid, non-market work, and the role of public policy in regulating the relationship. The study presents a historical overview of the period between 1939 and 1950. Critical concepts and the ideas…

A review of literature on sex education in the schools traces the changing opinions and attitudes on the subject over the past century. Early sex education efforts (1880s to 1920s) in the schools focused upon the repression of sexual activity, the prevention of immorality, hygiene, and prevention of venereal diseases. A gradual movement (1940s to…

This analysis of cultural pluralism in the United States focuses on the central concerns of balancing inequities and cultivating pluralistic values and attitudes. The first chapter reviews the historical background of cultural pluralism and its implications for educators. In Chapter 2, the theory of cultural pluralism is explored, concentrating on…

This paper argues that the progressive, revisionist reaction within Catholic education and schooling, as well as within Catholicism at large, to the challenge of modernity is a mistake. In view of modernity's malaises, it advocates instead the affirmation or reaffirmation of the ideal of traditional Catholicism as the only authentic response for…

Part of a 1968 commencement address by John W. Gardner is used in this paper as a foundation for explaining the status of teacher education and as a background for proposals on six teacher education issues. In Gardner's speech, an imaginary view of what scholars, living in an authoritarian society of the twenty-third century, will think of…

The primary objective of this volume of 22 essays is the documentation and appraisal of Mexican women's participation in the struggle against national oppression, class exploitation and sexism. Part One deals with integration and development, with three articles referring to the Chicana and her role as activist and woman in the Chicano movement.…

Five interpretations of equity are examined as they relate to the distribution of public goods and services. The first principle, utilitarianism, maintains that individuals are free to pursue their own interests and are rewarded according to contributions. The second principle, needs, is the basis of communist societies in which each gives…

This paper comments on and suggests alternatives to assumptions concerning child-rearing currently held by many Australians. That family-child relationships change as societies and economies change is a fact not commonly taken for granted, but is a conclusion reached by scholars examining the history of childhood. Recently in Australia, as…