The theory of self-efficacy (beliefs concerning one's capabilities to learn or perform behaviors at designated levels), has developed since A. Bandura's work (1977) and continues to be applied to a variety of educational settings and grade levels. This paper addresses various issues pertaining to self-efficacy in settings involving academic…

Anchored in Bandura's social cognition theory, this framework focuses on the interplay among self-efficacy, expectations, and goals in enabling individuals to act on their career development. The interaction of sociocognitive variables with personal/environmental characteristics and school-to-work transition is described. (SK)

Discussed is a constructivist view of mathematics education. The basic tenets and goals are described. The role of the student and teacher are highlighted. The constructivist and traditional views of instruction are compared and contrasted. (KR)

Counseling practices to improve self-efficacy expectations for career decision making include helping clients change beliefs by experiencing success and exposing them to successful models. Attention to personal-emotional barriers may be more effective than information-oriented approaches. (SK)

Underpinning the practice of career counsellors is a range of various theories and perspectives. The concept of self-esteem is a term frequently used by those in the helping professions and often with little regard for its limitations. This article argues that careers counsellors need to keep up-to-date with evolving theories that inform their…

As a teacher educator, the author believes that he must prepare teachers to go forth into schools with a deep understanding of the subjects they will teach, an appreciation for how students learn, and a repertoire of instructional strategies that will help them make learning come alive for their students. As they develop these skills, they must…

Children are under constant pressure to excel, and the computer could be intensifying this pressure, fostering a generation who will never live up to their own expectations. This article argues that the solution is not to get rid of computers but to put less pressure on children, to encourage their interests but not expect them to be perfect. (PEN)

Cooperative education influences four dimensions of self-esteem (competence, acceptance, control, and empowering others) in the following ways: (1) successful mastery experiences; (2) adviser interactions such as advocacy, empathy, and approval; (3) rules, standards, and autonomy that affect individual control; and (4) structured opportunities to…

Without organizationwide commitment to training programs, educators may be able to increase learners' self-efficacy to acquire desired skills or behavior. But behavior and skills will not be transferred to the job if learners have low expectations about their use or if positive reinforcement is lacking. (SK)

The role of counselor trainees' self-efficacy is related to the career counseling process and outcomes with actual clients in a natural setting. Twenty-four counselor trainees saw 55 clients in three to 12 sessions. Positive results, obtained on several measures of process and outcome, show a complex relationship to self-efficacy. (EMK)

One solution for school counselors with regard to their dilemma of greater caseloads and less time is the use of brief or time-limited counseling techniques. Using art when counseling adolescents can achieve this same goal. Article aims to provide secondary school counselors with a step-by-step introduction to the use of art when counseling…

A social cognitive model of counselor training is presented using the metaphor of a drama to describe the emerging efficacy of the counselor in working with clients. After developing the story, attention is given to contexts and barriers to success. Seven research propositions are provided for supervisors. (Author/EMK)

Be it metaphysics, theology, or some other unifying framework, humans have long sought to determine "first principles" underlying knowledge. Larry Arnhart continues in this vein, positing a Darwinian web of genetic, cultural, and cognitive evolution to explain our social behavior in terms of human nature as governed by biology. He leaves it to us…

Leadership is a hot-button issue these days. Reformers depend on it. The public believes that it is what schools need more of. And private sector CEOs think they know exactly what it is and are anxious to share that knowledge with the "poor unwashed masses" of educational leaders. It is not surprising, then, that so many people are…

Self-efficacy theory and research contribute to self-concept theory primarily by supporting the enhancement model of belief change. This article describes current problems with self-concept theory, describes self-efficacy research, and suggests that self-efficacy theory and methodology present findings that strengthen the association between…