Empowerment through nonformal education helps women organize for change to meet practical and strategic needs. Stages of empowerment include awareness of the problem, ownership, interaction, personal action, and collective action. Each stage has cognitive, psychological, economic, and political dimensions. (SK)

Tells the story of a Hawaiian man who learned to navigate without instruments like the ancient Polynesian wayfinders, explaining how he acquired navigational skills from mentors and books, discussing his views on education, and describing a trip he took in a double-hulled canoe designed according to ancient Polynesian petroglyphs. (SM)

Understanding and appreciation of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) are essential for promoting sustainable agriculture development. IKS provides a cultural basis for nonformal agricultural programs that is absent in technology transfer approaches. (SK)

The community is a natural setting for autonomous, democratic adult education. A framework for connecting the community and adult education has three mechanisms: community formal adult education, community nonformal adult education, and community informal adult education. (SK)

The traditional relationship and participation of Indian people with the American landscape has influenced their perceptions of themselves and of reality. The Pueblo "theology of place" is illustrated in their agricultural practices and accompanying ceremonial cycles. Modern Indian education must heal the split between spiritual and…

Reviews three books that examine the ongoing transformation of environmental education from a narrow science-focused framework toward new goals of public consciousness raising, social change, and environmental activism. (SV)

The author brings together the question posed in Kathryn Ecclestone's article in last month's "Adults Learning--"Where's the vision?"--and the letter from Wayne Bennett, General Manager of Dillington House, about the threat to residential colleges. The author brings out some of the connections between them and issues surrounding adult community…

In mainstream U.S. culture, the idea of gender as a philosophical or spiritual value independent of sex is notably absent, and the presence of the masculine and the feminine in all of us is overlooked. In contrast, the concept of balance and compensation between the fundamental gender-defined energies of the universe is deeply rooted in American…

Reports on experiences and insights gained from organizations in the Philippines and Thailand that are involved in various aspects of nonformal education and that are also involved in discussions with people about what is being done and why. (JOW)

In order to significantly contribute to human resource development, the Philippines must develop an integrated educational system of lifelong learning, with a special emphasis on non-formal education. Despite the value that is placed on formal, or sequential academic schooling, it is non-formal schooling that makes accessible the acquisition of…

Study of processes by which Liberian apprentice tailors learn their craft is the basis for questioning the traditional dichotomy of "formal" and "informal" education. Used as an analogy to demonstrate that anthropologists need not leave the study of learning to the psychologists, but can make valuable contributions by pursuing…

In a critique of the government of Nigeria's policy statement on education, the author highlights funding and implementation, literacy programs, and integration of formal and nonformal education as the major concerns for adult education in that country. (SK)

Discusses the concept of nonformal education: age groups involved, institutions and agencies involved, attention given to the training of school dropouts and adult illiterates, the variety of techniques used in nonformal education, and the need for nonformal education. (CT)

A connection with nature constitutes the difference between Western science and indigenous perspectives of the natural world. Understanding the synchronicity of natural and astronomical cycles is integral to Anishinaabe cosmology. Examples show how the Anishinaabe cultural worldview and philosophy are reflected in their celestial knowledge and how…

Describes networking from the perspective of rural women in the Pacific Islands. Distinguishes between a network and an organization. (JOW)