Humanistic psychology aids individuals in developing self-esteem and self-actualization and therefore is an excellent means of citizenship education. According to humanistic psychologists, the process of self-actualization involves the four stages of fulfilling physiological, safety, love, and esteem needs. Some characteristics of the…

Parents are encouraged to take a child-centered approach to maximizing individual potential, which includes modeling the basic skills including how to learn, live, love, and communicate. Educators can help fully develop students' learning potential by matching their learning pace and the information content provided to their level of functioning.…

The task of managers of academic institutions is to provide better services to new constituencies. Five constituencies identified include traditional college-age young people, already well-educated adults, socially and economically mobile adults, employees who seek to update or upgrade their skills, and professionals. (MLW)

Responds to two opening articles by Parham ("Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence") and Helms ("Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research"). Argues that Black or African identity is not a developmental reaction to social oppression, but is a core personality trait, essential to healthy…

Maintains that social science mistakenly has emphasized symmetry (social forces that correct disequilibrium and maintain balance) over asymmetry (antithetical forces that support and embody divergent thinking). Calls for a more open, intuitive, and creative approach to research and methodology. (MJP)

Considers perestroika's implications for Soviet recognition of sources of human motivation. Critically examines how the collectivist ideology endemic to twentieth-century Russian history failed to consider human nature. Attributes Soviet economic problems to a disregard of the need for individual autonomy and dignity. Calls for a reconsideration…

This paper explores the role of self discovery in the early stages of caregiver professional development, with a focus on the array of choices available to university students. The assumption is that many people do not know their repertoire of skills until asked to complete a project requiring those skills; thus, "the heart of becoming a…

American sport stresses the outward aspects of participation such as outcomes, rewards, goals, and winning; Eastern thought and movement forms emphasize the inner and spiritual aspects of human movement such as self-realization, spontaneity, body awareness, and enlightenment. In relating Eastern thought and movement forms to Western sport, five…

This paper reviews the research and theories on ethnic identity development, and draws some implications from these ideas for improving curriculum design for, and instructional effectiveness with, ethnically different students, especially Black Americans. The paradigm of "the developmental stages of ethnic identity transformation"…

When the traditional opportunities for professional renewal do not seem adequate or appropriate to teachers of English as a second language (ESL), one means of professional development is self-initiated, naturalistic research in curriculum and instructional development. However, individual action research has the limitations of one person's time,…

The topic of excellence in industrial arts provokes the question: "Excellence in relation to what?" What is the central mission around which one might attempt to describe or even achieve the position of "excellence"? The importance of establishing a clear understanding of excellence in education is dependent upon the definition…

A critique is offered of three papers on the student's role in learning. The first, by Robert Sternberg and Richard Wagner, makes connections between cognitive processing of information and the metacognitive processing of one's own approach to a situation and the information contained therein. The second, by Deborah Stipek, implies that…

Although adults in Germany see positive benefits coming from the introduction of new technology, especially computers, they also fear that the technology will bring about more control of their work and private lives. They also dislike the perceived dangers of dehumanization that computers could have on society. Adult educators in Germany see two…

The theoretical relationships between employee job satisfaction and employee behavior, and the factors that influence job satisfaction among nurses are considered, along with the type of research that should be conducted on this topic. Although major contributions to the theory of human needs have been made by Maslow and by Herzberg, the…

A review is presented of studies which examine the psychological predictors of successful adult performance, or life skill success. Scholastic achievement is generally regarded as an ineffective predictor of successful life performance. It is suggested that factors such as ego maturity and personal competence (developmental psychological…