Many problems are encountered when evaluating a complex, decentralized national program such as 4-H. Good effects of the federal evaluation mandate include local concern with program quality. Bad effects include that local agencies are forced to utilize noxious methodologies or to collect information they consider to be unimportant. (Author/GC)

Considers the elements of organizational effectiveness, the relationships between ends and means, and the nature of inputs necessary to the organization's survival. Presents hypotheses for industrial, educational, and military organizational planning processes and training technology, and suggests changing planning focus from inputs to outcomes.…

Qualifies the use of game simulations to test communication-related theories, explicates a mixed-motive game experiment (Creative Alternative) which permits systematic investigation of interpersonal influence processes, and discusses the use of the Creative Alternative game to study the effects of alternative compliance-gaining strategies.…

Stressing the importance of comparing the experiences of indigeneous people throughout the world, this article reviews history of British aboriginal relations in New Zealand and Australia, thus shedding a new perspective on Indian affairs in North America. (Author/ DS)

Presents a general methodology that may be used by states in the design of municipal overburden provisions for their educational aid programs. (RLV)

Technological advances in nonproprietary software are discussed. Developments in general support of software and in computer hardware are examined. It is suggested that nonproprietary software is a resource that can save colleges and universities system development time and costs. (Author/SF)

Describes the development of quantity surveying as a third level discipline and the role of professional bodies in determining its cultural orientation. The article examines the conflict between professional standards and market forces and concludes that the contract on offer to surveying students commits them to a monocultural world view. (33…

In a series of personal reminiscences, the author provides insight into issues involved in funding and fund-raising at various institutions with which she has had associations (HRC University of Texas (Austin), Rosenbach Museum and Library (Philadelphia), American Antiquarian Society). Introduces a panel at the Fleur Cowles "Fleur"…

When viewed as a criterion of distribution within a broader philosophical theory of the just allocation of educational resources, equalizing educational outcomes in the name of equal educational opportunity is not only coherent; it is also more conducive to a just allocation than the alternatives. (IAH)

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is the principal federal law which prohibits sex discrimination in education. The law's requirements with regard to physical education classes and competitive, intramural, and club athletics are discussed. (IAH)

Four cultural conditions within universities impede significant reform of field experiences in teacher education: lack of resources, low status, fragmented curriculum, and professional perspectives of teacher educators. Recommendations are made for altering the purpose of field experiences to include more than the acquisition of technical…

A Canadian public higher education official comments on the use of performance indicators for evaluating and funding higher education institutions. Focus is on putting the controversy over their use into perspective by narrowing the issues and arguments, clarifying them, and acknowledging inherent limitations of performance indicators. (MSE)

Specialization has become necessary in certain kinds of pharmaceutical practice, and colleges are developing curricula, faculties, and programs to respond. However, specialization also carries risks. Institutions must define their capabilities, resist encouraging students to specialize too early, provide adequate generalist education first, and…

This special issue on international perspectives on educational restructuring focuses on cross-national analyses of the experiences of Australia, Canada, England, New Zealand, and the United States in seeking appropriate allocations of authority over education given their current circumstances. (MLF)

An interview with a college student activities director addresses topics concerning student activities planning including the need for good planning, activities planning as leadership training, roles of staff and students, planning phases, effective use of financial and human resources, contracting with artists, effective promotion, event-day…