This article presents comments on "Psychology Needs Realism not Instrumentalism" by B. Haig, "Ontological and Epistemic Claims of Realism and Instrumentalism" by Lau and "The Scientific Denial of the Real and the Dialectic of Scientism and Humanism" by Ramey and Chrysikou which were all comments on the original article "Realism, Instrumentalism,…

This paper investigates certain dimensions of the term "political economy" with specific reference to its application in analyzing educational organizations. The first section reviews classical and modern formulations of political economy to show how modern political economists operate within a received paradigm embodying five basic…

This article identifies the limitations of contemporary organizational theory on the internationalization of higher education in guiding and supporting internationalization activities at the level of the academic Self. A way forward is provided through Cranton's notion of authenticity in teaching in higher education, which presents a platform for…

The use of hybridity today suggests a less coherent, unified and directed process than that found in the Enlightenment science's cultural imperialism, but regardless of this neither concept exists outside power and inequality. Hence, hybridity raises the question of the terms of the mixture and the conditions of mixing. Cultural hybridity produced…

In this article, the author discusses "Wiki-ality" and "truthiness"--notions that explain a lot about life in the 21st century. Both words were coined by Stephen Colbert, an American comedian and actor. Colbert coined the word "Wiki-ality" based on Wikipedia, a popular online encyclopedia which seems far more…

Object-relations (O-R) theory expands traditional psychoanalytic thinking beyond psychiatric hospitals and patients. This approach focuses on emotional development that leads to normal or disturbed behavior. O.R. theory is presented here to acquaint counselors with its basic concepts, its practical applications, and its impact on current…

A comparative psychology course oriented around the themes of phylogeny and ontogeny is described. The course emphasizes the evolution and development of behavioral processes and includes a discussion of the concept of integrative levels and Schneirla's approach/withdrawal theory. The course evaluates genetic determinism and stresses the principle…

Examines a range of art educators' proposals to include popular culture within the general art curriculum. The proposals are based on four basic social theories: (1) liberal humanism; (2) two variants of liberal pluralism; (3) and Neo-Marxism. Concludes by emphasizing the need for Neo-Marxist theory in the school setting. (BSR)

Achievement motivation in women is discussed in the context of recent ideas by Gilligan and by Spence and Helmreich which consider women's development and values without considering only the ways women's behavior differs from male behavior. Implications for practice and research are included. (Author/BL)

Comparing human ecological and Marxist approaches discloses numerous parallels and significant differences. Both take a holistic approach and emphasize technology, but ecological theory emphasizes the openness of systems. Gaps in ecological theory are revealed, and some research problems to close the gaps in theory are presented. (Author/IS)

Philosophers of education tend to stress the importance of analytic and scientific thinking. A discussion of how dialectical reasoning, as developed by Jean Paul Sartre, can contribute to educational thought is offered. (DF)

The field of comparative education has been slow to incorporate poststructuralist concerns due to theoretical bias, the linguistic barrier of postmodernist discourses, and the critique of postmodernism as indifferent to social issues. Debates on key questions of epistemology, ontology, and ethics in social research are needed to further…

Describes a multitheoretical, multilevel (MTML) model to study the management of knowledge networks. Considers theoretical mechanisms for emergence of knowledge networks and presents empirical findings about the emergence of knowledge networks. Concludes that it is necessary to utilize MTML models to integrate multiple social and communication…

Responds to previous article by Fry (1992) on social theories of aging. Commends Fry on his detailed, factual retrospective look at gerontological literature, yet fears that article presents flat, linear, stereotypical picture of working with older adults. Reaction focuses on three specific areas of concern: language, demographics, and treatment…

Responds to previous article by Fry (1992) on social theories of aging. Expresses wish that Fry had not included so many marginally useful or discredited theories and had instead concentrated on more careful treatment of remaining theories, particularly disengagement theory, continuity theory, and socioenvironmental theory. Also wonders about…