Discusses four principles derived from theory and practice that make incorporating writing into any class easy and worthwhile: (1) creating audience awareness, (2) making writing tasks consequential, (3) varying writing assignments, and (4) using writing to help students integrate new material into what they already. (FL)

The author outlines reading experiences appropriate to students in the middle grades, including reading strategies, study skills, comprehension development, and experiences with literature. Provision of these experiences in the middle school curriculum, through both formal instruction and integration into other curriculum areas, is discussed. (SJL)

For reading specialists to play a decisive role in improving reading comprehension of young people, they must get into the classrooms. To gain this entry, they should behave in a way that acknowledges the classroom teacher's attitudes and perceptions about reading and that eliminates those practices that seem to offend teachers. (Author/SJL)

Reviews the use of graphic organizers as a means to assist students in the complex act of making sense of content-area text. Explores theoretical and historical foundations of the graphic organizer and reviews current research. Derives implications for the classroom teacher and future research. (RS)

Discusses the use of content area textbooks and indicates that content textbooks are difficult for students to understand because the books generally are not well written. Offers solutions for how to use content textbooks and illustrates how lessons can be created through the integration of tradebooks and through discussions in which critical…

This paper suggests that by emphasizing word identification skills and oral reading and by using limited reading materials, teachers have neglected reading for meaning. Following a review of current instructional practices, the paper explains how understanding writing depends on the world experience, language knowledge, and processing strategies…

Suggests using writing to enhance students' learning of content material because a positive environment that encourages writing allows students to explore, analyze, and synthesize what they are learning in a content classroom. Enumerates principles for facilitating comprehension and recommends using a guided writing procedure. (SKC)

Examines accentuating the use of English as an instrument for other learning. Proposes a language-enriched learning environment and emphasis on liaison between subject content and language experience while stressing the need for teaching strategies for improving the quality of the classroom language experience. (JK)

Social scientists emphasize reading as one way of obtaining knowledge and skills together with other approaches such as visiting museums and observing purposeful items. Then too, they emphasize using a variety of approaches in helping students achieve worthwhile objectives in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. A quality social studies…

Generally speaking, reading is not taught beyond the third grade in most school systems. If a student has not mastered reading comprehension skills by the fourth grade, chances are that she/he will struggle with learning in grades four through twelve. Many middle school and high school students lack the ability to use communication skills…

The article discusses the relationship between math skills and reading ability as it relates to the learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, or mentally handicapped student. The author explains that many math books require reading at a level beyond the ability of many special needs students. (PHR)

Discussion of science education reform focuses on elementary school science. Highlights include integrating science instruction with other curricular areas; children's trade books; and an annotated bibliography of 36 items that suggest teaching strategies for integrating science and language arts curricula using children's literature and trade…

The relationship between writing and translating is described, as well as the interrelationships among second-language "free" writing, content-based writing, and content-limited writing. Examples showing similarities between English-as-a-Second-Language content-based writing and first-to-second language translation are also discussed. (13…

Discusses the significant challenges, and some possible resolutions, facing foreign-language programs' use of authentic literature to increase students' reading and writing skills, focusing on the retraining of literature instructors. (CB)

This document contains texts for two resolutions adopted by the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) in July 1998 regarding Beginning Reading Instruction and in July 2006, regarding Adolescent Literacy. A Question & Answer section follows the resolutions, addressing the following issues: (1) Reasons for focus on reading; (2) Differing views on…