Student volunteerism can include direct service, research and community education, and advocacy service. Alert observation and informed questioning are at the heart of learning from nonclassroom experience. (Author/MLF)

Discusses a three-step model for diagnosing supervisory training needs. Major steps included in the model are (1) data collection (divided into two phases), (2) diagnosis, and (3) separating the problems. (LRA)

Implications from common themes underscore the need to redefine and expand the purposes of professional education and to consider experiential learning programmatically in relation to these purposes. Other implications relating to program design and to how we view and manage the process of learning are summarized. (Author/MLW)

Discusses the analysis of the Bakke decision made by a joint committee of the American Council on Education and the Association of American Law Schools and the committee's recommendations on affirmative action programs in higher education after Bakke. (SJL)

Although schools are becoming the logical sites for the provision of primary health care for children, certain questions need to be answered: How will these services be financed? How prepared are school nurses for an expanded role? How will these programs be designed and organized? (CT)

Planning and implementation of multicultural teacher education programs are discussed in terms of their focus and desired outcomes. (JMF)

This article is an essay review of the book "Project Head Start: A Legacy of the War on Poverty," coedited by Edward Zigler and Jeanette Valentine. (DB)

Applied graduate programs in Communication are recommended as a desirable alternative for the future. Advantages of such programs are outlined and potential problems discussed. The Instructional Communication program at West Virginia University is described as an example of a successful applied graduate program. (JMF)

School focused in-service education and training (INSET) is a synthesis of course-based and school-based models. Three elements are considered: identification and definition of needs; development and execution of appropriate INSET activities to meet these needs; and evaluation. (JMF)

Adult learning in residential conference centers is enhanced when a philosophical basis underlies their design. Six integrated elements for the development of learning sanctuaries are historical context, educational program, physical environment, support services, technology, and human resources. (SK)

Discusses basic issues in designing and administering study abroad programs, including program length, location, structure, and supervision; financial considerations; student selection; orientation; and interinstitutional cooperation. Looks at current trends in integration with the host culture and curricular support. (DMM)

This paper discusses arguments for the social nature of knowledge construction, the balancing influence of individual knowledge construction, conceptualization of the relative roles of individual and social dynamics in children's learning, important principles of effective instruction, and implications for designing educational programs for…

College employee assistance program designs demonstrate the varied needs of a workforce. Whatever the model, the helping approach remains to (1) identify problem employees through performance-related issues; (2) refer them to the assistance program for further intervention; and (3) follow up with employee and supervisor to ensure a successful…

This rejoinder to comments on the authors' article (EC 623 392) on a renewed emphasis on parent education in early intervention discusses the nature of parent education, the intended outcomes of parent education, professional training needs, and a research agenda. (DB)

The term "challenge by choice" is interpreted by some as offering a way out of the adventure education experience. Six considerations are presented for designing programs and planning activities with a broader application of challenge by choice, thereby providing meaningful experiences for all participants regardless of their ability.…