The author has identified three kinds of readers: (1) resistive and struggling; (2) apathetic and reluctant; and (3) effective and motivated. The resistive and struggling reader is often the reader who needs help building reading competency and confidence while creating ample opportunity for practice. These readers often respond to relationships and experiences that make a difference. Past experiences may also require this reader to overcome doubt about his or her ability and to fight the demons of past failure. The apathetic and reluctant reader is what the author calls "a-literate," because this student can read, but does not read for pleasure. The apathetic reader, given the right circumstances and relationships, can be converted by fostering the traits of an effective reader. These traits are: (1) Read more than one thing at a time; (2) Rereading; (3) Keeping reading materials nearby; (4) Knowing when to give up; (5) Choosing to share or not share; (6) Freedom of choice; (7) The ability to lose oneself in reading; (8) Reading intuitively in various formats; and (9) Maintaining a home library.