This article emphasizes the importance for parents and caregivers in recognizing and responding to a child's sounds and vocalizations as such are a child's initial attempts at speech and language production. The article presents important factors to consider in determining the presence of a child's speech, language, communication, and learning disabilities. These include family and developmental history. Speech-language and learning difficulties may be symptoms of such disorders as hearing impairment, autism, cerebral palsy, and craniofacial disorders. Speech-language therapists, as well as audiologists and pediatricians can assess a child's development and develop interventions.