The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults is estimated to be at least 1% (Brugha et al., 2011), yet almost all ASD research focuses on children. Adult intervention studies, in particular, are few in number and poor in quality (Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Minshew, & Eack, 2013), and support networks for adults with ASD are much more limited and of a far lower standard than for children (Taylor & Seltzer, 2012). Around half of all adults are rated as having a poor or very poor outcome (Howlin & Moss, 2012), with social independence and integration remaining very limited, even when compared with other groups of individuals with disability (Roux et al., 2013). It is within this context that a 1-day meeting was convened at The University of Sydney to discuss the current state of research on adults with ASD and to identify priorities for future research. Participants were clinicians and/or researchers in the fields of ASD or intellectual disability, from a range of disciplines, including occupational therapy, social work psychology (cognitive, developmental, clinical, and social), child and adult psychiatry, psycholinguistics, disability research and policy, and providers of specialist services for children and adults with ASD. The article summarizes the principal issues raised, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and highlights potential research priorities.