This paper examines the controversy over use of impedance screening in public schools to identify students with hearing problems, including otitis media, a common ear condition in infants and young children. It cites research that questions the value of pure tone screening as a single test and raises critics' objections to the use of impedance, including over-referral and methodological weaknesses in studies linking conductive hearing impairment to learning and language problems. The inclusion of impedance screening with pure tone audiometry would lead to a more effective screening battery, identifying children with problems that may be prevented. (CL)