The issue of language dominance testing is explored with special attention to: (1) a history of language testing in the United States from 1943 to 1974, (2) methods presently utilized for the determination of language dominance, (3) problems encountered in language dominance testing, and (4) some specific research that has been carried out related to this issue. In determining language dominance, it is generally recognized that three domains have to be considered--communication skills, linguistic structures, and social domains. While no single best way has been discovered to test these domains, the home interview is used, as well as direct techniques such as story telling, question-answer methods, and language repetition and completion. Problems arising in language dominance testing have to do with inadequate attention to appropriate test standards, the need to measure all facets of language dominance, and even the possibility of measuring language dominance testing are reviewed, and some suggestions for more viable alternatives to existing measures are given. (AMH)