The complexities of institutional change and stability in terms of gender policies are analyzed. The following three questions are central to the discussion: (1) why did some policy changes take place with only minor controversy? (2) why did vehement policy talk affect practice so little? and (3) how did gender reforms alter educational…

Institutional autonomy in higher education has already been seriously eroded by social change. If higher education is to retain its diversity, pluralism, and intellectual independence, academe must state its case forcibly or government policies of financial aid and regulation will create a homogenization of colleges and univerities. (MSE)

Nathaniel T. Allen's life (1823-1903) offers insights into 19th century professionalization of education in the United States. His independent political views set him apart as a strong-willed and dauntless supporter of equal education opportunity. Appointed by Horace Mann as principal of a model school connected with the first public normal school…