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Flagg, Barbara N. – Educational Technology Research and Development, 1994
Describes a study that assessed the impact of four half-hour science programs for fourth graders aired on commercial radio in a causal-comparative between-groups study with prebroadcast and postbroadcast questionnaires. Formative and summative evaluation of the programs is described, and results are reviewed. (21 references) (LRW)
Descriptors: Educational Radio, Elementary Education, Elementary School Science, Formative Evaluation
Perkins, David N.; Grotzer, Tina A. – Studies in Science Education, 2005
This article argues that an important source of the difficulties posed by particular concepts and theories is the narrow range of "types of causal models" with which most learners are familiar. Most learners are familiar with relatively simple styles of causal models, but many concepts and theories in science depend on styles…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Scientific Concepts, Intervention, Inquiry