Over the last few decades, innovations in information technology have brought about fundamentally new approaches to research. As a result, research methods, practices, and institutions are evolving into forms quite different from those that have dominated modern science. These changes are so significant that they are leading to theoretical…

Examines how decisions concerning research, development, and the application of science and technology take place within the framework of democracy and the U.S. political system. Maintains that the decision making process for basic research, technological development, and applications follow, respectively, the general political models of…

Lists the five criteria used in the USSR for the selection of goals for scientific and technological activity. Identifies several recent programs which reflect new priorities and provides a three-variable model which defines the characteristics of a progressive science policy. (JDH)

Discusses the formulation of science policy--the decisions and legislation that dictate what research and development will be performed through which federal agencies and with what resources. Highlights the legislative process and the budget cycle in the executive and legislative branches. (JRH)

Recent policy developments have involved adult educators and unions in work-related learning. However, an uncritical analysis of learning in the workplace risks aligning these activities with new forms of oppression and managerial control. (Contains 39 references.) (Author/SK)

Purposes and functions of regional research and development (R&D) services sponsored by the National Institute of Education (NIE) are described, based on a task force's assessment of R&D services provided by regional laboratories. The historical context of the following questions are addressed: whether the conduct of R&D constitutes a…

Examines the lack of support for the training and employment of clinical investigators to capitalize on the knowledge gleaned from decades of basic scientific research. Argues that this dilemma can be addressed by carefully defining and marshalling a coalition of institutions to support increased funding for clinical investigations. (MDM)

Based on the assumption that basic science is the crucial building block for technological and biomedical progress, this paper examines the relevance for public policy of basic demographic and behavioral sciences research on children and families. The characteristics of basic research as they apply to policy making are explored. First, basic…

Biotechnology is changing the values of the university's bioscience community. Priorities are distorted by entrepreneurial incentives and government pressures that increase the scientist's dependence on industry and the military. The university is seen as inattentive to the social, ethical, and educational challenges. (Author/MLW)

Discusses the role of philosophy both in public life and the university in addressing difficult public policy issues. Examples noted include a program applying principles of medical ethics to death and dying and a leadership development project at Indiana University South Bend, and the "Just Caring" research and outreach project, which…

The first session of the 100th Congress has been transitional for national research and development policies because of the emergence of competitiveness as a major theme in American politics, the formation of a broad-based university-corporate alliance for lobbying, and growing public awareness of the potential commercialization of technology.…

Summarizes recent developments in information technology research and development, telecommunication services, telephone manufacturing, telecommunication networks, information processing, and U.S. import/export policy. It is concluded that government regulation as a policy strategy depends on how one defines national security. (Author/CLB)

This chapter briefly describes the kinds of educational research centers active in France and the types of research they are conducting, then focuses on developments in the field of educational research from 1930 to the present and on the impact research has had on policy and innovations in recent years. In the section on history it is noted that…

Notes the contributions that research universities are making to research and development in the United States, including their impact on science policy and economic growth. Urges that more funds be put into academic research institutions, arguing that current levels are proportionately low. (TW)

Although higher education in the United Kingdom has become more entrepreneurial, faculty and institutions do not necessary place a high priority on technology transfer. The main barrier may not be lack of will or understanding, but lack of incentives. (SK)