Competency models involve a methodology that demonstrates the validity of the model's standards: are people who have the competencies better managers than those who do not? Competency models should no longer be regarded as a panacea and should be only one of the tools used by trainers. (JOW)

This paper identifies nine lessons learned from five federally funded special education research to practice projects. Four projects are school-university collaborative partnerships and one is local-school- based. Both models stress research-validated practices to improve performance of students with and without disabilities across multiple years.…