The vast majority of public employees--including teachers--are enrolled in defined-benefit pension plans. These plans are usually the product of state legislation that determines eligibility, benefit formulas, employer and employee contributions, and how payments will be calculated when an employee retires or leaves the system. Once an employee…

The decline in manufacturing employment associated with the recent recession, coupled with the continued growth of services, has renewed interest in the distribution of employment among the three major sectors: agriculture, goods-producing, and service-producing industries. (Author/SSH)

In the post-World War II period, women have been employed in jobs that have been degraded, deskilled, and cheapened. Their employment has increasingly been in the service sector. Data supports the argument that women are treated as secondary workers in the labor market and are not paid as equals to men. Along with the degradation of women's jobs…

According to Department of Labor statistics, there is little relationship between workers' educational attainment and job success. The group with the highest remuneration (White males) uses the least amount of specialized training. The group with the lowest economic remuneration uses the highest amount. (Author/WI)

A summary is presented of the major conclusions of seven regional conferences on high technology and the two-year college conducted by the National Postsecondary Alliance. The conclusions were drawn from the addresses of representatives from more than 40 firms, who responded to questions concerning their companies' involvement with high technology…

The author states that the task of overcoming skill shortages, retooling the workforce and training new workers will be difficult and expensive, but it must be done, and done quickly. A chart listing projected demands for skilled workers by 1987 is included. (CT)

A review of federal programs for health manpower and major issues in manpower demand, supply and distribution, and roles and responsibilities suggests key policy questions concerning the number and mix of health personnel, health professions education and training programs, and improvement in the knowledge base. (MSE)

The demand for nurses in the years ahead, what kind of educational preparation will be required of them, and how such factors will affect schools of nursing are discussed. Trends toward higher education for nurses and the evolution of a true health care marketplace are examined. (Author/MLW)

The 1993-95 Health Personnel Resource Plan (HPRP) for the state of Washington identifies health professions shortages and suggests activities to alleviate these shortages. Its components are as follows: assessment of health personnel supply and requirements; cooperation among governments and organizations; service delivery by a mix of providers;…

During the last decade, the manufacture of commodities has become increasingly simple, and as a result, has increasingly been exported from the United States to low-wage regions of the world. On the other hand, the U.S. economy has become increasingly service oriented, with service-sector jobs growing rapidly while manufacturing jobs decline. In…

Pointing out that new and emerging jobs may appear at the local, regional, state, or national level, this paper offers definitions and then goes on to group the changes influencing appearance or emergence of new jobs. The five groups of change factors are (1) technological change, (2) demographic change, (3) legislation, (4) life style changes,…

To ensure economic growth and increased employment opportunities for youth, there must be greater emphasis on the following: (1) providing self-employment skills to young people; (2) preparing them for highly technical jobs; and (3) preparing them for service industry jobs. Recommends the incorporation of entrepreneurship education in the…

Planning for educational programs in agriculture/agribusiness demands knowledge of future employment demand for various occupations. At present, a functional and comprehensive occupational information system for agriculture/agribusiness does not exist. Systems that do exist, such as the Occupational Information System (OIS) and the Dictionary of…

Some possible solutions to the shortage of faculty jobs are addressed in two papers. In "PhDs in Nonacademic Careers: Are There Good Jobs," Lewis C. Solmon evaluates the prospects for nonacademic jobs for humanists, scientists, engineers, and social scientists, based on three separate studies. Projections on the probable major of undergraduates…

The number of jobs requiring four or more years of college education is projected to grow by 45 percent over the 1982-1995 period, compared to 25 percent for all jobs. (JOW)