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Download full textNichols, Sharon L. – National Education Policy Center, 2016
This Center for American Progress report examines whether states' adoption of standards-based policies predicts low-income students' NAEP achievement trends in fourth and eighth grade math and reading throughout the 2003-2013 decade. The report claims to analyze changes across five separate two-year intervals, but it only reports findings for…
Descriptors: School Effectiveness, Disadvantaged Schools, Poverty, Scores
Hyland, John T. – 1986
The basic premise of the paper is that the Constitution should be the main theme of courses in United States history at grade 8. Students should study a unit on the Constitution, as is commonly done at that level. In addition, other units taught throughout the school year should emphasize constitutional principles, values, and issues. Three…
Descriptors: Citizenship Education, Constitutional History, Critical Thinking, Curriculum Development
Peer reviewedCatterall, James S. – American Journal of Education, 1998
Explores the concepts of risk and resilience applied to eighth graders and suggests advantages in considering a definition of risk grounded in actual school performance and behavior rather than to various group-level probabilities of failure. Evidence shows the importance of family supports, school responsiveness to students, and student…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Academic Failure, Academic Persistence, Dropout Characteristics
