In this essay, the author provides a critique of sources relevant to the feminization of teaching in the United States from the mid- to late-nineteenth century. Sources covering topics such as the American Civil War, labor market forces, increasing urbanization, educational reform, and regional differences, and how they affected the feminization…

Discusses evolution of current welfare system. Suggests in light of postindustrial economy priorities of welfare system need to be reexamined. Notes need to address the "pauperization" of women. Analyzes poverty rates for women from 1978-1983. Provides proposals for helping women in the labor market. Contends social workers must be…

Discusses reasons for the differences in earnings between men and women: (1) differences in the labor market characteristics between men and women, (2) differences in the distribution of men and women among different jobs, and (3) discrimination in the labor market. (JOW)

Interviews were conducted with five Black women who work for corporations to ascertain how they "play the game." They agreed that flexibility and restraint are needed to progress and be successful in the corporate world. Also, Black businesswomen should not lose sight of themselves and where they came from. (VM)

Considers changes in women's roles and social conditions since 1957. Compares three viewpoints: (1) there has been significant, positive change for women; (2) there has been little lasting change; and (3) there has been change, but it has not been good. (SK)

There are no sex differences in cognitive ability but enduring sex differences in competitiveness, life goals, the relative emphasis on agency versus connection. Policy-makers' and feminist emphasis on equal opportunities and family-friendly policies assumes that sex discrimination is the primary source of sex differentials in labour market…

Rigidity is setting in that obscures reasonable discussion of the imperfections of a free market where women's wages are concerned, and increases the likelihood that comparable worth, if implemented, might substitute one set of arbitrary job evaluations for another. (MLW)

A study examined the factors influencing the participation in the labor market of 150 women with young children, including their aims, training needs, and constraints. Their self-perceived employment needs were related to the policies and practices of employers and trade unions. (JOW)

Describes "comparable worth" and discusses women's earnings versus men's earnings, the reason for this earnings gap, the structure of the labor market, arguments against comparable worth, jobs traditionally held by women, the role of vocational educators, and teaching women about job ladders. (CT)

Current rationales for volunteering are seen as marketing strategies developed by organizers in the independent sector and used to help recruit volunteers for particular causes. Voluntarism in America was once thought to be a civic duty, but it is now seen as a vital component of adult education. (MLW)

Social ambivalence toward women's roles, sexuality, appearance, and aging combine with social standards of attractiveness to create both age and sex discrimination in the workplace. The life expectancy of presentability is shorter among women than men, thus creating an accelerated aging process termed labor market progeria. (SK)

Youth unemployment in Sweden and its repercussions on upper secondary education are analyzed. To allow theoretical education in the upper secondary school to be available to everyone is to educate for unemployment and ignore the problems. (RM)

The label "underclass" obscures structural economic change and distorts the realities of poverty. It pays insufficient attention to factors for understanding marginal people--labor market shifts, the poor's lack of safety nets, and interactions between these factors and social problems. Specific policies must confront the divergent…

This report reviews the current debate in industrialized market economy countries on the impact of microelectronics technology on employment. A special focus is on the impact on women's employment opportunities. Chapter 1 presents information on the technological background, including the development of microelectronics and their application in…

Discusses errors in appraisals of African-Americans' economic progress in recent history, in order to show that African-Americans have made little progress toward achieving economic equality. Considers the changing roles of African-American and European American women in the labor market as vital to interpreting economic status trends. (JS)