The general research question is discussed: to what extent are current policies and practices of allocating costs to various parties just, effective, and efficient in producing the individual and social benefits of higher education? Several more specific questions on pricing are outlined, and relevant literature and organizational resources are…

Variable fees at the graduate and undergraduate levels are a topic of discussion in the US and in the EU as part of a larger movement towards increasing the role of fees in the funding of public universities. This essay describes this relatively new shift and its causes, outlines various funding models related to fee levels, and discusses the…

Two possible types of loans for undergraduate study are outlined (loans to cover fees only and loans for living costs), and suggested repayment schemes and need analyses are given. Some notes are given on the administration of such a program. (MSE)