Leisure bereft of all stress is action without purpose. Maximum motivation and gratification are achieved when a balance is achieved between abilities and responsibilities. Stress is an essential leisure ingredient that provides meaning and clarity to social experience. (CJ)

This essay proposes that stress has been misused in traditional adventure education and presents a new model of risk taking based on the literature on stress and feminist perspectives in adventure education. Proponents of the traditional adventure perspective state that the intentional use of stress is central to the change process in wilderness…

Describes the mental and physical coping behaviors of a disabled adventure education participant in her efforts to make personal, challenging choices without group pressure. A "universal programming" commitment incorporates equity and inclusion by allowing for individual choice and attitude modification within challenging group activities. (SAS)