The results of the social behavior inventory which was administered to Anglo-American and Latvian American children showed that both groups chose answers in the cooperative direction, but that the Latvian sample was somewhat more competitive in nature than the American. (PJM)

Giving tests and assigning grades are stated to be important aspects of teachers' responsibility for facilitating student learning. Opposition to testing is discussed, objections are criticized, and beneficial consequences of evaluation are listed. It is maintained that tests do not cause cheating, or excessive discouragement, competition, or…