Anton Makarenko became a national hero for effecting education for communism in the 1920s. His book, "The Road to Life," is an artistic achievement and the most widely read and influential work on education in the Soviet Union. But Makarenko's legacy is more myth than model in present-day Russia. (Author/SJL)

Discusses the education of the Jews in 19th-century century Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. There was rapid growth of state-controlled Jewish secular education from almost none in 1844 to 106 schools with 3487 students in 1855. (RM)

This book examines the impact of anticommunism on American campuses, using Rutgers University (New Jersey) from 1950 through 1965 as a case example. Following an introductory chapter which provides background information, chapter 2 discusses the period January 1950 to August 1952, when Cold War politics intensified at Rutgers University and the…

The educational history of the development of higher education in the USSR is examined. How higher education has been improved in order to meet the socioeconomic, scientific, and technological needs of Soviet society is discussed. (RM)

The role of Russian teacher unions during the years of the Revolution and civil war in organizing initial opposition to the new Soviet order and in defeating that opposition is discussed. A historical rationale for the fundamental principles that underlie Soviet educational policies today is presented. (RM)

This article focuses on the epistemological changes evident in twentieth-century educational reform in China. Reflections on linkages between knowledge and modernization, based on sociological literature, are presented. The Chinese knowledge tradition, current changes in the higher education curriculum, and curricular experiments at six…

Offers a historical overview of a series of reforms of higher education in the former Yugoslavia republic, stressing the cultural importance of "obrazovanje" (formal education/training) and "odgoj" (moral education/personal development) in Croatia. Describes the development of "visa skola," comparable to U.S.…

Historical, philosophical, and social perspectives concerning the development of Soviet society are presented. The concepts of orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationalism that were integral to Russian life for nearly one thousand years of history are discussed, and principles of socialism and communism that were inaugurated in November 1917 in…

Provides a brief history of the development of Soviet curriculum theory and considers the contemporary development of the secondary school curriculum in relation to the needs of individuals in a developed socialist society. Includes an extensive bibliography of recent Soviet educational literature. (TRS)

Briefly discusses propaganda of the past four decades, defines the term, reviews its earliest uses, and outlines today's propaganda vehicles--mass media, special interest groups, and marketing techniques. A propaganda analysis program for educating today's youth is proposed which includes eight questions for evaluating the source of media…

This essay traces the liberal to conservative changes in U.S. political attitudes and the effect these changes had on progressive and essentialist theories of education from the 1940s to the present. Focus is on the role Arthur Bestor played in these developments. Bestor was a leader of the anti-progressive movement during the 1950s and the most…

Theories in education and the supporting philosophy and history of each group of ideas are presented, and the relationship of each position to the classroom and to the society is indicated. The nature of philosophy and its major divisions, the nature of educational philosophy, and the relationship of philosophy to education are considered. The…

The educational process and passionate intensity are forces that are often at odds in society. Passionate intensity is a force that introduces turmoil and threatens those social processes that depend on reason and independent thought. In contrast, the educational process seeks to develop coping skills to limit dependence on others and promote…

The initiation of a national examination system in the People's Republic of China has had a marked impact upon educational policies. An historical overview of the Chinese educational system, the nature of the national examination, and implications of curricular change are used to support the assumption that curricular change can have profound…

Describes a trip to Russia by a delegation of educators from the United States to learn about educational reform, examining the 10 principles currently guiding reform efforts in Russia. Participants learned that education there has already changed from the version that existed under the U.S.S.R. governmental structure. (SM)